Table 1 Material properties of the finite element model

Osseous cortex [10]

0.3

Cancellous bone [10]

0.2

End plate [11]

0.4

Nucleus pulposus [10]

–

Fiber ring matrix [8]

0.45

Annulus fibrosus [10]

0.3

Ligamenta longitudinale anteriust [9]

0.3

Ligamenta longitudinale posterius [9]

0.3

Ligamentum flavum [9,10,11,12,13]

0.3

Ligamenta interspinalia [9,10,11,12,13]

0.3

Ligamenta supraspinale [9,10,11,12,13]

0.3

Articular capsule ligament [9,10,11,12,13]

0.3

ligamenta intertransversaria [9,10,11,12,13]

0.3