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Table 3 Associations between self-reported factors at baseline and musculoskeletal pain in the neck/shoulders at follow-up

From: Neck and upper extremity pain in sonographers – a longitudinal study

  

Pain at follow-up

Model 1a

Model 2b

Model 3c

Model 4d

 

N

N (%)

PR

CI

PR

CI

PR

CI

PR

CI

Neck/shoulder pain at baseline

 No pain

80

28 (35)

1

 

1

   

1

 

 Pain

125

112 (90)

2.56

(1.88–3.47)

2.54

(1.88–3.42)

  

2.04

(1.50–2.76)

Years as a professional sonographer

 0.1–13

110

76 (69)

1

 

1

     

 13.1–36

94

63 (67)

0.97

(0.80–1.17)

0.96

(0.79–1.16)

    

Working hours/week

 20–36

96

59 (61)

1

 

1

     

 37–41

109

81 (74)

1.21

(0.99–1.47)

1.19

(0.97–1.46)

    

Echocardiography

 No

54

39 (72)

1

 

1

     

 Yes

151

101 (66)

1.08

(0.89–1.31)

1.10

(0.89–1.35)

    

Bedside examinations

 No/Seldom

142

92 (65)

1

 

1

     

 A few times per week/Daily

62

47 (76)

1.17

(0.97–1.41)

1.18

(0.98–1.42)

    

Ergonomic adjustments possible

 Yes

116

71 (61)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

 No

85

68 (80)

1.31

(1.10–1.56)

1.33

(1.11–1.59)

1.25

(1.05–1.49)

1.13

(0.97–1.32)

Good visual conditions

 Yes

79

44 (55)

1

 

1

 

1

   

 No

122

94 (77)

1.38

(1.11–1.72)

1.43

(1.15–1.78)

1.24

(1.00–1.54)

  

Satisfaction with computer workstation arrangements

 Very satisfied/Rather satisfied

125

80 (64)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Neutral

47

32 68)

1.04

(0.89–1.22)

1.04

(0.89–1.21)

1.04

(0.84–1.29)

1.03

(0.87–1.23)

 Rather/Very dissatisfied

28

25 (90)

1.29

(1.11–1.48)

1.25

(1.08–1.44)

1.06

(0.87–1.29)

1.01

(0.85–1.21)

MEI (mechanical exposure index)

 Unexposed/Low (11–15)

30

12 (40)

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

 Medium/High (16–33)

165

124 (75)

1.88

(1.20–2.94)

1.94

(1.27–2.99)

1.66

(1.09–2.52)

1.34

(0.90–1.99)

Job demands (cut-off: 2.44)

 Low

105

61 (58)

1

 

1

     

 High

99

79 (80)

1.37

(1.14–1.66)

1.38

(1.15–1.67)

1.13

(0.94–1.36)

  

Job control (cut-off: 2.83)

 Low

112

83 (74)

1

 

1

     

 High

92

57 (62)

0.84

(0.69–1.02)

0.84

(0.70–1.10)

    

Job support (cut-off: 2.87)

 Low

120

89 (74)

1

 

1

     

 High

84

39 (46)

0.82

(0.67–1.00)

0.85

(0.68–1.02)

    

Sensory demands (cut-off: 80)

 Low

55

34 (62)

1

 

1

   

1

 

 High

149

106 (71)

1.09

(0.91–1.32)

1.15

(0.91–1.32)

  

1.12

(0.95–1.33)

  1. Calculated with Poisson regression as the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results in boldface are statistically significant
  2. a Pair-wise, unadjusted
  3. b Pair- wise, adjusted for BMI and physical exercise
  4. c Multivariate model with exposures with p < 0.05 in model 2, adjusted for BMI and physical exercise
  5. d Multivariate model with exposures with p < 0.05 in model 2, adjusted for BMI and physical exercise and for pain at baseline
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BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2474

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