Upfront surgery is not advantageous compared to more conservative treatments such as observation or medical treatment for patients with desmoid tumors

Table 1 Details of the patients included in this study at baseline

Variables	Patients (n = 99, %)	Initial treatment		P value
Variables	Patients (n = 99, %)	Local treatment (n = 60, 60.6%)	Observation/medical treatment (n = 39, 39.4%)	P value
*Age at diagnosis (years)*
Median	38.2	39.4	36.1	0.670
IQR	25.4–47.7	25.5–50.8	23.8–44.3
*Sex*
Male	37, 37.4%	23, 38.3%	14, 35.9%	0.806
Female	62, 62.6%	37, 61.7%	25, 64.1%
*Tumor site*
Abdominal wall	4, 4.0%	2, 3.3%	2, 5.1%	0.901^c
Upper extremity	10, 10.1%	9, 15.0%	1, 2.6%
Lower extremity	39, 39.4%	21, 35.0%	18, 46.2%
Girdle	31, 31.3%	20, 33.3%	11, 28.2%
Head and neck	6, 6.1%	2, 3.3%	4, 10.3%
Chest wall	9, 9.1%	6, 10.0%	3, 7.7%
*Tumor size (cm)*
Median	8	7	9	0.045^a
IQR	5–11	5–10	6–13
*Clinical presentation*
Mass	42, 42.4%	23, 38.3%	19, 48.7%	0.308^d
Pain	7, 7.1%	3, 5.0%	4, 10.3%
Mass + Pain	46, 46.5%	33, 55.0%	13, 33.3%
Functional impairment	2, 2.0%	0	2, 5.1%
Functional impairment + Pain	2, 2.0%	1, 1.7%	1, 2.6%
*Previous surgery or trauma at the site of the primary tumor*
Yes	14, 14.1%	9, 15.0%	5, 12.8%	0.721^b
No	85, 85.9%	51, 85.0%	34, 87.2%
*Year of diagnosis*
1999–2009	61, 61.6%	48, 80.0%	13, 33.3%	< 0.001^a
2010–2018	38, 38.4%	12, 20.0%	26, 66.7%

IQR interquartile range. ^aThe difference was significant. ^bThe Fisher exact test was used. ^cComparison of extremity and non-extremity. ^dComparison of mass alone and the others

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