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(1) Presence of fistula communicating to the prosthesis; or
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(2) The same microorganism isolated by culture in at least two separate tissue or fluid samples obtained from the affected joint or prosthesis; or
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(3) Four of the following six criteria:
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(a) Elevation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration,
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(b) Elevation of the leukocyte count in the synovial fluid,
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(c) Elevation of the percentage of neutrophils,
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(d) Presence of purulence in the affected joint,
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(e) Isolation of only one microorganism in a culture of the tissue or periprosthetic fluid, or
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(f) More than five neutrophils per high power field in at least five high power fields observed from the histological analysis of the periprosthetic tissue at 9400X magnification.
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