Table 3 Result summary

Liu et al.^a,b[40]

2.08 years

Not Reported

√

×

×

×

1.Significant Cobb reduction (6.8 ± 5.5° vs 1.5 ± 4.8°, p < 0.01) between the group A (age < 10 years, Risser 0) and the group C (age > 13 years, Risser 3).

2. Significant Cobb reduction was noted in subjects aged 10–12 (3.1 ± 4.2°).

Yes (* < 13 years)

Yes (*Risser: 0)

Unknown

N/A

Yagci et al. [46, 47]

4 months

Study: 64%

Control:62%

√

√

ATR

POTSI

WRVS

√

SRS-22 (initial mean: 4.0)

×

1. D-value of Cobb: −5.3 ± 2.2° vs −4.8 ± 2.6° in thoracic; − 4.1 ± 2.5° vs − 3.5 ± 3.0 in lumbar; P > 0.05 between groups.

1. No difference of ATR, POTSI, WRVAS between groups.

2. Pain domain was only improved in the control group (4.7 vs 4.3).

Unknown

Unknown

Yes

No difference

Unknown

Yagci et al.^a,b [46, 47]

10 weeks

Study:69%

Control:88%

√

√

ATR

POTSI

WRVS

√

SRS-22

(initial mean:3.9)

×

1. Significant difference of D-value in Thoracic Cobb reduction between groups (− 7.33 ± 2.78° vs 0.63 ± 4.34°).

2. Body asymmetry was only improved in the study group (ATR: −4.3 vs − 4.2).

3. SRS-22 was unchanged in both groups.

Unknown

Unknown

Yes (* Thoracic)

Unknown

Zheng et al.^a [48]

1 year

Study: 59 ± 0.2%

Control: 58 ± 0.27%

√

√

Shoulder-balance

TAPS

ATI

√

SRS-22

(initial mean:4.2)

×

1. Greater Cobb reduction in the bracing group (5.58 ± 6.37° vs 2.24 ± 3.19°).

2. Shoulder balance was only improved in the bracing group.

3. Significant difference of functional domain (4.9 vs 4.7), mental domain (4.5 vs 4.2) between groups.

Unknown

Unknown

N/A

Unknown

Kwan et al.^a,b [38]

18.1 ± 6.2

months

Study:77%

Control:79%

√

√

ATR

√

SRS-22 (initial mean:4.2)

×

1. 17% improved, 62% stabilized and 21% worsened in the study group; 4% improved, 46% stabilized and 50% worsened in the control group.

2. No difference in the ATR between groups.

3. The SRS-22 result favored the exercise group (function domain: 4.8 vs 4.6).

Unknown

Unknown

Unknown

Unknown

Kim et al.^a [6, 35]

8 weeks

Not reported

√

×

×

√ Pulmonary function

1. Significant Cobb reduction between groups (D-value of Cobb angle: 4.26 ± 1.36 vs 2.69 ± 1.11, p < 0.05)

2. Significant peak expiratory flow between groups

(D-value of PEF: −1.30 ± 0.87 vs −0.17 ± 0.68, p < 0.05)

Unknown

N/A

N/A

N/A

Schreiber et al.^a [43, 44, 45]

6 months

Supervised:76%.

Home program: 73%

√

×

×

×

1. Significantly (D-value of Cobb: −3.5° vs + 2.3°, p < 0.01) smaller largest curve and sum of curves (decreased 0.4°, p < 0.05) between groups.

Unknown

Unknown

Unknown

Unknown

Kim et al.^a,b [6, 35]

3 months

Not reported

√

×

×

√ Weight distribution

1. Significant (P < 0.05) inter−/intra-group Cobb reduction:

Schroth group: 23.6 ± 1.5° to 12.0 ± 4.7°; Pilate group: 24.0 ± 2.6° to 16.0 ± 6.9°

2. No difference of weight distribution in the control whereas significant (P < 0.05) improvement was noted in the study group.

Unknown

Unknown

N/A

N/A

Kuru et al.^a [37]

24 weeks

Not reported

√

√

ATR,

height of hump, waist-asymmetry

√

SRS-23 (initial mean:3.9)

×

1. Greater improvements in Cobb angle (−2.53°, P < 0.001), ATR (−4.23°, P < 0.001), height of hump (−68.66 cm, P < 0.01) and waist asymmetry (P < 0.01) were observed in the supervised exercise group compared with the home exercise group and control at 24-week.

2. No difference of QoL between groups (4.4 vs 3.9 vs 4.1).

Unknown

Unknown

N/A

N/A

Monticone et al.^a,b

42.8 months

Not reported

√

√

ATR

√

SRS-22 (initial mean:3.8)

×

1. Significant (−5.3° vs + 1.7°, p < 0.001) improvement of Cobb angles between groups at skeletal maturity and at 1-year follow up.

2. Significant difference of ATR between groups (−3.5° vs −0.4°, p < 0.001).

3. The Seas group showed significant (P < 0.001) improvements in all domains of the SRS-22 at skeletal maturity (1-year follow-up: 4.8 vs 4.0).

Yes (* ≥ 13 years)

Unknown

Unknown

N/A