Table 1 Participant characteristics (n = 152)
Age (years) | |
 Median (IQR) | 29.0 (24.0–40.8) |
Sex (% female) | 73.0% |
Nationality (%) | |
 Chinese | 98.7% |
 Dutch | 1.3% |
Region | |
 South Central China (28.4% of total population) | 51.3% |
 East China (29.5% of total population) | 21.1% |
 North China (12.5% of total population) | 15.1% |
 Southwest China (14.5% of total population) | 7.9% |
 Northeast China (7.7% of total population) | 3.9% |
 Northwest China (7.4% of total population) | 0.0% |
 Other | 0.7% |
Years since the first episode of LBPa | |
 Median (IQR) | 3.0 (0.2–6.0) |
LBP everyday (% yes) | 15.1% |
LBP present now (% yes) | 44.1% |
Pain intensityb (if LBP present now) | |
 Mean (SD) on 10-point numeric rating scale | 3.9 (1.5) |
Pain medication use in history (% yes) | 5.9% |
Comorbidities (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, arthritis) | |
 % yes | 17.1% |
Work/school absenteeism due to LBP (% yes) | 17.1% |
Duration of absenteeismc (Days) | |
 Median (IQR) | 14.0 (7.0–32.5) |
LBP impacts daily life (% yes) | 36.8% |