Association between hip muscle cross-sectional area and hip pain and function in individuals with mild-to-moderate hip osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study

Table 2 Relationship between hip muscle cross-sectional area and HOOS outcomes

	Univariable Regression coefficient (95% CI)	P-value	Multivariable Regression coefficient (95% CI)*	P-value*
Pain
Flexors
Psoas major	2.8 (0.6, 4.9)	0.01	2.8 (−0.9, 6.4)	0.13
Rectus femoris	3.4 (−0.1, 7.0)	0.06	2.4 (−2.9, 7.7)	0.36
Flexors total	1.7 (0.3, 3.1)	0.02	1.7 (−0.7, 4.1)	0.16
Extensors
Gluteus maximus	0.5 (−0.3, 1.4)	0.20	−0.03 (−1.4, 1.3)	0.97
Adductors
Adductor longus and magnus	0.9 (0.1, 1.6)	0.03	0.9 (−0.2, 2.1)	0.10
Abductors
Gluteus medius and minimus	0.4 (−0.8, 1.7)	0.48	−0.7 (−2.6, 1.2)	0.45
Rotators
Obturator internus	−0.9 (−5.4, 3.7)	0.70	−0.4 (− 5.4, 4.5)	0.86
Obturator externus	0.5 (−1.6, 2.5)	0.65	−1.3 (−3.9, 1.3)	0.30
Rotators total	0.2 (−1.5, 1.9)	0.84	−0.8 (− 2.7, 1.2)	0.41
Hip-related quality of life
Flexors
Psoas major	3.3 (0.9, 5.7)	0.01	3.6 (− 0.5, 7.7)	0.08
Rectus femoris	4.4 (0.3, 8.4)	0.04	3.8 (−2.2, 9.8)	0.20
Flexors total	2.1 (0.5, 3.7)	0.01	2.3 (−0.3, 5.0)	0.08
Extensors
Gluteus maximus	0.9 (−0.1, 1.8)	0.07	0.6 (− 0.9, 2.2)	0.39
Adductors
Adductor longus and magnus	1.1 (0.3, 2.0)	0.01	1.4 (0.2, 2.7)	0.02
Abductors
Gluteus medius and minimus	0.6 (−0.9, 2.0)	0.44	−0.6 (−2.8, 1.6)	0.57
Rotators
Obturator internus	0.2 (−5.1, 5.4)	0.95	1.2 (−4.4, 6.9)	0.66
Obturator externus	0.8 (−1.5, 3.1)	0.48	−1.1 (−4.0, 1.8)	0.44
Rotators total	0.5 (−1.4, 2.4)	0.61	−0.5 (−2.6, 1.7)	0.66

ISSN: 1471-2474