Is intrinsic lumbar spine shape associated with lumbar disc degeneration? An exploratory study

Table 3 LDD group descriptives for modes of variation (M1-M7)

Modes	Groups	N	Mean	SD	SE	95% Confidence Interval for Mean		Min	Max
Modes	Groups	N	Mean	SD	SE	Lower Bound	Upper Bound	Min	Max
M1	No LDD no pain	19	3.31	2.11	0.48	2.29	4.32	−2.10	5.71
	LDD no pain	24	2.18	2.99	0.61	0.92	3.45	−3.88	7.63
	LDD pain	24	3.38	2.40	0.49	2.37	4.40	0.07	8.31
	No LDD pain	3	1.27	3.97	2.29	−8.59	11.13	−2.31	5.54
M2	No LDD no pain	19	1.13	1.94	0.44	0.19	2.06	−4.62	4.13
	LDD no pain	24	0.99	1.77	0.36	0.24	1.74	−3.14	3.86
	LDD pain	24	1.25	1.60	0.33	0.58	1.93	−2.50	3.79
	No LDD pain	3	1.92	1.04	0.60	−0.67	4.50	1.09	3.09
M3	No LDD no pain	19	0.63	1.42	0.33	− 0.06	1.32	−1.59	3.51
	LDD no pain	24	2.65	2.74	0.56	1.49	3.81	−1.53	8.49
	LDD pain	24	1.97	1.67	0.34	1.27	2.68	−1.08	4.81
	No LDD pain	3	2.51	4.14	2.39	−7.78	12.80	−1.72	6.55
M4	No LDD no pain	19	−5.24	1.89	0.43	−6.15	−4.33	−9.34	−2.98
	LDD no pain	24	−3.51	3.18	0.65	−4.85	−2.16	− 9.52	1.23
	LDD pain	24	−2.48	2.57	0.52	−3.56	−1.39	−6.66	3.50
	No LDD pain	3	−4.37	2.52	1.45	−10.62	1.89	−6.40	−1.55
M5	No LDD no pain	19	4.16	1.18	0.27	3.59	4.73	1.50	6.21
	LDD no pain	24	3.57	2.42	0.49	2.55	4.59	−0.09	8.19
	LDD pain	24	3.11	1.53	0.31	2.46	3.76	0.19	5.39
	No LDD pain	3	4.09	1.57	0.91	0.19	7.98	2.28	5.07
M6	No LDD no pain	19	−17.89	2.22	0.51	−18.96	−16.82	−22.77	−14.17
	LDD no pain	24	−18.33	3.43	0.70	−19.78	−16.88	− 25.48	−12.81
	LDD pain	24	−17.00	3.11	0.63	−18.32	−15.69	−22.79	− 11.21
	No LDD pain	3	−18.83	1.08	0.62	−21.51	−16.14	−20.07	−18.14
M7	No LDD no pain	19	5.45	2.83	0.65	4.08	6.81	−3.62	10.00
	LDD no pain	24	2.82	3.43	0.70	1.37	4.26	−6.40	9.06
	LDD pain	24	3.76	3.53	0.72	2.27	5.25	−4.27	10.17
	No LDD pain	3	5.21	3.28	1.89	−2.93	13.36	3.28	9.00

Mean mode scores are presented for each LDD group with corresponding standard deviation (SD), standard error (SE) and confidence intervals. Post hoc tests indicated significant differences in mean mode 3 scores (M3) between ‘No LDD no pain’ and ‘LDD no pain’ groups and between ‘No LDD no pain’ and ‘LDD pain’ groups. Significant differences in mean mode 4 scores (M4) were also demonstrated between ‘No LDD no pain’ and ‘LDD pain’ groups

ISSN: 1471-2474