Fig. 4

Tracing of each superficial deltoid ligament. Ligaments are not isolated in order to investigate them as one unit, and lines are drawn on the ligaments to trace each ligament from its origin to insertion on the bone (a). A force probe is placed in the mid-substance of each ligamentous band of the tibionavicular ligament, tibiospring ligament, tibiocalcaneal ligament, and superficial posterior tibiotalar ligament such that the slit of the force probe is aligned with the long axis of the ligament fibers (b)