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Table 2 Comparison over time of the interventions proposed in the study

From: Exercise program combined with electrophysical modalities in subjects with knee osteoarthritis: a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Group

Outcomes

Pre-intervention a

Post-intervention a

Mean difference b

Exercise

WOMAC pain (score)

14.90 (1.86)

9.00 (1.41)

5.90 (5.22, 6.57) c

WOMAC stiffness (score)

6.40 (0.99)

4.35 (1.03)

2.05 (1.72, 2.37) c

WOMAC function (score)

53.70 (5.24)

38.90 (3.72)

14.80 (13.05, 16.54) c

NRPS (score)

6.55 (1.09)

4.25 (0.78)

2.30 (1.89, 2.70) c

PPT point 1 (kg/cm2)

2.26 (0.75)

2.36 (0.42)

−0.10 (− 0.41, 0.20)

PPT point 2 (kg/cm2)

2.13 (0.63)

2.34 (0.62)

−0.20 (− 0.54, 0.12)

Fatigue (score)

3.05 (0.60)

2.15 (0.58)

0.90 (0.50, 1.29) c

SST (score)

11.78 (1.08)

10.98 (1.26)

0.79 (0.49, 1.10) c

Exercise + placebo

WOMAC pain (score)

15.30 (1.49)

10.90 (1.55)

4.40 (3.61, 5.18) c

WOMAC stiffness (score)

6.10 (0.91)

3.95 (0.82)

2.15 (1.66, 2.63) c

WOMAC function (score)

50.60 (2.92)

41.35 (2.96)

9.25 (8.21, 10.28) c

NRPS (score)

6.50 (0.68)

4.10 (0.85)

2.40 (1.91, 2.84) c

PPT point 1 (kg/cm2)

2.22 (0.67)

2.24 (0.75)

−0.02 (−0.50, 0.46)

PPT point 2 (kg/cm2)

2.31 (0.57)

2.26 (0.46)

0.04 (−0.35, 0.44)

Fatigue (score)

3.05 (0.68)

2.05 (0.75)

1.00 (0.52, 1.48) c

SST (score)

11.66 (0.83)

10.97 (0.66)

0.68 (0.50, 0.86) c

Exercise + ICT

WOMAC pain (score)

14.75 (1.61)

11.00 (1.16)

3.75 (3.09, 4.40) c

WOMAC stiffness (score)

5.95 (0.75)

4.10 (0.44)

1.85 (1.46, 2.23) c

WOMAC function (score)

47.60 (3.76)

36.20 (3.41)

11.40 (10.43, 12.36) c

NRPS (score)

6.65 (0.98)

4.15 (0.81)

2.50 (2.11, 2.88) c

PPT point 1 (kg/cm2)

2.20 (0.63)

2.13 (0.37)

0.07 (−0.26, 0.41)

PPT point 2 (kg/cm2)

2.37 (0.63)

2.04 (0.47)

0.33 (−0.03, 0.69)

Fatigue (score)

3.00 (0.65)

2.05 (0.60)

0.95 (0.51, 1.39) c

SST (score)

11.15 (1.27)

10.58 (1.08)

0.56 (0.22, 0.91) c

Exercise + SDT

WOMAC pain (score)

15.20 (1.15)

11.30 (1.41)

3.90 (3.19, 4.61) c

WOMAC stiffness (score)

5.75 (0.91)

3.90 (0.55)

1.85 (1.50, 2.20) c

WOMAC function (score)

46.90 (3.27)

36.85 (2.28)

10.05 (8.23, 11.87) c

NRPS (score)

6.40 (0.99)

4.40 (0.75)

2.00 (1.60, 2.40) c

PPT point 1 (kg/cm2)

2.20 (0.48)

2.13 (0.39)

0.07 (−0.22, 0.36)

PPT point 2 (kg/cm2)

2.10 (0.46)

2.01 (0.34)

0.09 (−0.15, 0.32)

Fatigue (score)

3.25 (0.55)

2.35 (0.59)

0.90 (0.60, 1.20) c

SST (score)

11.03 (0.87)

10.17 (0.78)

0.86 (0.74, 0.99) c

Exercise + PHOTO

WOMAC pain (score)

14.00 (1.49)

10.45 (1.05)

3.55 (3.16, 3.93) c

WOMAC stiffness (score)

5.90 (0.97)

3.60 (0.60)

2.30 (1.92, 2.67) c

WOMAC function (score)

48.50 (3.23)

39.20 (2.12)

9.35 (8.01, 10.69) c

NRPS (score)

6.70 (0.86)

4.20 (1.00)

2.50 (2.03, 2.97) c

PPT point 1 (kg/cm2)

2.38 (0.29)

2.27 (0.34)

0.11 (−0.09, 0.30)

PPT point 2 (kg/cm2)

2.06 (0.41)

2.25 (0.34)

−0.18 (− 0.43, 0.06)

Fatigue (score)

3.10 (0.55)

2.10 (0.55)

1.00 (0.70, 1.30) c

SST (score)

10.27 (0.89)

10.27 (0.62)

0.77 (0.41, 1.12) c

  1. ICT, interferential current therapy; SDT, shortwave diathermy therapy; PHOTO, photobiomodulation; WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Questionnaire; NRPS, numerical rating pain scale; PPT, pressure pain threshold; SST, sit-to-stand test
  2. a Values expressed as mean (standard deviation); b Values expressed as mean difference (95% confidence interval); c Statistically significant (p < 0.05)