Table 1 Characteristics of the 28 included studies
Source | Study design | Country | Interventions | Sample size | Follow-up (year) | Outcomes for analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dobbs 2006 [26] | Retrospective nonrandomized controlled trial | USA | ASR + PSF vs PSF | 20/34 | 2.4 | ① |
Zhang 2012 [52] | Prospective nonrandomized controlled trial | China | ASR + PSF vs PSF | 31/33 | 2 | ①, ④ |
Zhang 2009 [41] | Retrospective nonrandomized controlled trial | China | ASR + PSF vs PSF | 32/94 | 3.4 | ① |
Qiu 2011 [42] | Retrospective nonrandomized controlled trial | China | VAT+PSF vs PSF | 18/27 | 3.65 | ①, ④ |
Zhang 2011 [51] | Retrospective nonrandomized controlled trial | China | ASR + PSF vs PSF | 12/17 | 3 | ① |
Kim 2005 [34] | Prospective nonrandomized controlled trial | USA | PSF vs WT vs ASF vs ASR + PSF | 49/41/16/12 | 5 | ① |
Bullmann 2013 [46] | Prospective nonrandomized controlled trial | Germany | ASF vs WT | 40/29 | 2 | ①, ③, ④ |
Vedantam 2000 [44] | Prospective nonrandomized controlled trial | USA | PSF vs WT vs ASF vs ASR + PSF | 47/33/7/11 | 2 | ①, ②, ③ |
Kim 2008 [33] | Retrospective nonrandomized controlled trial | USA | WT vs ASF | 35/29 | 2 | ②, ③ |
Faro 2005 [28] | Prospective nonrandomized controlled trial | USA | VAT vs ASF | 31/23 | 1 | ①, ②, ③ |
Kishan 2007 [35] | Prospective nonrandomized controlled trial | USA | VAT vs WT | 36/43 | 2 | ②, ③ |
Lenke 2004 [15] | Prospective nonrandomized controlled trial | USA | VAT+PSF vs ASR + PSF | 21/16 | 2 | ①, ②, ③ |
Verma 2011 [45] | Retrospective nonrandomized controlled trial | USA | PSF vs ASF vs VAT vs VAT+PSF | 70/35/32/22 | 2 | ②, ③, ④ |
Zhou 2011 [49] | Retrospective nonrandomized controlled trial | China | PSF vs WT | 24/20 | 2 | ①, ②, ③, ④ |
Greggi 2010 [31] | Retrospective nonrandomized controlled trial | Italy | WT vs PSF | 40/40 | 5 | ①, ②, ③, ④ |
Lonner 2009 [37] | Retrospective nonrandomized controlled trial | USA | VAT vs PSF | 17/17 | 2 | ④ |
Newton 2013 [40] | Prospective nonrandomized controlled trial | USA | VAT vs ASF vs PSF | 55/17/77 | 2 | ②, ③, ④ |
Suk 2008 [43] | Retrospective nonrandomized controlled trial | Korea | PSF vs WT | 37/20 | 2 | ①, ②, ③, ④ |
Graham 2000 [30] | Prospective nonrandomized controlled trial | USA | WT vs ASF | 31/20 | 2 | ②, ③ |
Miljenko 2006 [29] | Prospective nonrandomized controlled trial | Croatia | ASF vs PSF | 25/25 | 2 | ① |
Lenke 1999 [36] | Prospective nonrandomized controlled trial | USA | ASF vs PSF | 70/53 | 2 | ① |
Wong 2004 [48] | Retrospective nonrandomized controlled trial | Singapore | PSF vs VAT | 19/12 | 2 | ④ |
Muschik 2006 [39] | Retrospective nonrandomized controlled trial | Germany | ASF vs PSF | 37/104 | 2 | ①, ④ |
Lonner 2006 [38] | Retrospective nonrandomized controlled trial | USA | VAT vs PSF | 28/23 | 2 | ④ |
Hee 2007 [32] | Retrospective nonrandomized controlled trial | Singapore | ASF vs PSF | 25/11 | 3.7 | ① |
Wang 2008 [47] | Prospective nonrandomized controlled trial | China | ASF vs PSF | 16/16 | 2 | ① |
Dong 2015 [27] | Retrospective nonrandomized controlled trial | China | ASF vs PSF | 17/36 | 2 | ①, ④ |
Zhan 2010 [50] | Retrospective nonrandomized controlled trial | China | ASF vs PSF | 22/20 | 2 | ①, ④ |