Skip to main content

Table 2 Characteristics of all participants and participants that completed treatment in each group. Values are mean ± SD or frequency count (%)

From: Effectiveness of physical therapy treatment in addition to usual podiatry management of plantar heel pain: a randomized clinical trial

Characteristic

uPOD+PT (n = 48)

Completed uPOD+PT (n = 38)

uPOD (n = 47)

Completed uPOD (n = 41)

Age (years)

49.8 ± 10.8

51 ± 11

50.3 ± 10.3

50.9 ± 10.1

Women

38 (79.2)

30 (78.9)

33 (70.2)

29 (70.7)

Height (cm)

170.1 ± 8.8

169. ± 9.4

170.6 ± 8.7

170.5 ± 8.4

Weight (kg)

92.6 ± 24.1

88.9 ± 18.8

91.1 ± 21.5

92.6 ± 21.7

BMI (kg/m2)

32 ± 7.6

31 ± 6.8

31.3 ± 6.9

31.8 ± 7.1

Prior history of PHP

14 (29.8)

11 (29.7)

20 (42.6)

17 (41.5)

Bilateral symptoms

12 (25)

8 (21.1)

15 (31.9)

12 (29.3)

Duration of symptoms (days)

129.2 ± 105.9

126.4 ± 111

147.2 ± 111.1

137.3 ± 97.7

Foot Posture Index (R, L)a

3.2 ± 3.2, 4 ± 3.4

3.4 ± 3.1, 4.2 ± 3.4

3.6 ± 3.3, 4.4 ± 3.2

3.6 ± 3.4, 4.4 ± 3.1

Number of hours on feet/day

7 ± 4.1

6.8 ± 4.1

6.4 ± 3.2

6.1 ± 3.1

NPRS

5.2 ± 1.9

5.3 ± 2

4.9 ± 1.8

4.9 ± 1.8

FAAM

61.6 ± 17.5

60.9 ± 17.8

65.3 ± 13

65 ± 13

Elevated fear avoidance beliefsb

32 (66.7)

26 (68.4)

29 (61.7)

26 (63.4)

General 6-month recovery expectationc

5.6 ± 1.9

5.8 ± 1.7

5.8 ± 1.7

5.8 ± 1.8

  1. BMI body mass index, FAAM Foot and Ankle Ability Measure, NPRS numeric pain rating scale, PHP Plantar heel pain, uPOD usual podiatric care, uPOD+PT physical therapy treatment in addition to usual podiatric care. aFoot posture category as defined by Redmond [71], normal = 0–5, pronated = 6–9, highly pronated = 10+, supinated =  1- 4, highly supinated; bFear avoidance was rated on a Likert scale where 0 = completely disagree and 4 = completely agree to the physical activity screening question, “I should not do physical activities which (might) make my pain worse.” Scores greater than or equal to 2/4 indicate elevated fear avoidance beliefs [72]; cMeasured by rating expected recovery according to the Global Rating of Change scale where 5 = “quite a bit better” and 6 = “a great deal better” [46]