|
Age
|
|
< 65
|
119
|
(51%)
|
|
≥ 65
|
114
|
(49%)
|
|
Sex
|
|
Male
|
118
|
(51%)
|
|
Female
|
115
|
(49%)
|
|
Smoking Status
|
|
Non-smoker
|
214
|
(92%)
|
|
Smoker
|
18
|
(8%)
|
|
Incomplete data
|
1
|
(0.4%)
|
|
Obesity
|
|
BMI < 30
|
154
|
(66%)
|
|
BMI ≥30
|
73
|
(31%)
|
|
Incomplete data
|
6
|
(3%)
|
|
Diabetic
|
|
No
|
207
|
(89%)
|
|
Yes
|
25
|
(11%)
|
|
Incomplete data
|
1
|
(0.4%)
|
|
Depression
|
|
No (PHQ-9 < 10)
|
130
|
(56%)
|
|
Yes (PHQ-9 ≥ 10)
|
98
|
(42%)
|
|
Incomplete data
|
5
|
(2%)
|
|
Anxiety
|
|
No (GAD-7 < 10)
|
159
|
(68%)
|
|
Yes (GAD-7 ≥ 10)
|
69
|
(30%)
|
|
Incomplete data
|
5
|
(2%)
|
|
Pre-operative pain duration
|
|
< 12 months
|
106
|
(45%)
|
|
≥ 12 months
|
115
|
(49%)
|
|
Incomplete data
|
12
|
(5%)
|
|
Neurological deficit (self-report)
|
|
No
|
17
|
(7%)
|
|
Yes
|
214
|
(92%)
|
|
Incomplete data
|
2
|
(1%)
|
|
Pre-operative activity (IPAQ-SF)
|
|
Low
|
130
|
(56%)
|
|
Moderate
|
64
|
(27%)
|
|
High
|
29
|
(12%)
|
|
Incomplete data
|
10
|
(4%)
|
|
Pre-operative mobility (ODQ Section 4)
|
|
Un-restricted (< 3)
|
113
|
(48%)
|
|
Restricted (≥3)a
|
120
|
(52%)
|
|
Pre-operative function (ODQ category)
|
|
0–20%
|
15
|
(6%)
|
|
21–40%
|
93
|
(40%)
|
|
41–60%
|
85
|
(36%)
|
|
61–80%
|
37
|
(16%)
|
|
81–100%
|
2
|
(1%)
|
|
Incomplete data
|
1
|
(0.4%)
|
|
Surgical procedure
|
|
Decompression
|
63
|
(27%)
|
|
Discectomy
|
96
|
(41%)
|
|
Fusion
|
74
|
(32%)
|
|
Number of vertebral levels
|
|
Single
|
175
|
(75%)
|
|
Multiple
|
58
|
(25%)
|
