Table 1 Characteristics and risk of bias of included studies
Author, year, country | Participants | Intervention (details in Table 2) | Control | Outcome measures | Follow-up period | PEDro score for quality (details in 2) | Cochrane score for clinical relevance (details in Appendix 3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bateman et al. 2014, United Kingdom [38] | n = 11, not responded to previous conservative treatment, on waiting list for operation, image verified rotator cuff tendinopathy or positive response to subacromial corticosteroid injection. Intervention 4 individuals, mean age 52 years; control_1 3 individuals, mean age 53 years; control_2 4 individuals, mean age 55 years. | Eccentric exercise; Intensity: pain reproduction | Resistance exercise (concentric phase only); Intensity matched experiment group | Pain: VAS; Function: Oxford Shoulder Score | 8 weeks (post-treatment) | 5/10 | 4/5 |
Blume et al. 2015, United States [35] | n = 34, shoulder pain, positive Neer’s, Hawkins or cross-body adduction test. Intervention 10 women 8 men, mean age 50.1 years (SD 16.9); control 10 women 6 men, mean age 48.6 years (SD 14.6). | Eccentric exercise; Intensity: 70–80% of 1RM | Resistance exercise (concentric phase only); Intensity matched experiment group | Pain: NPRS; Function: DASH | 8 weeks (post-treatment) | 8/10 | 5/5 |
Chaconas et al. 2017, United States [34] | n = 46, shoulder pain at least 3 months, 3 or more positive: Neer’s, Hawkins, empty can test, painful arc sign, shoulder external rotation pain, palpation pain supra/infraspinatus. Intervention 10 women 15 men, mean age 43.4 years (SD 17.9); control 9 women 12 men, mean age 48.4 years (SD 16.9). | Eccentric exercise; Intensity: 65% of 1RM | Resistance exercise; Intensity lower than experiment group | Pain: NPRS; Function: WORC | 6 weeks (post-treatment) & 6 months (intermediate term follow-up) | 6/10 | 5/5 |
Dejaco et al. 2017, Netherlands [37] | n = 36, subacromial pain at least 3 months, 2 of 3 positive: Neer’s, Hawkins, empty can test. Intervention 10 women 10 men, mean age 50.2 years (SD 10.8); control 7 women 9 men, mean age 48.6 years (SD 12.3). | Eccentric exercise; Intensity: pain reproduction | Resistance exercise; Intensity matched experiment group | Pain: VAS; Function: Constant-Murley Score | 12 weeks (post-treatment) & 6 months (intermediate term follow-up) | 7/10 | 5/5 |
Hallgren et al. 2014, Sweden [50] | Reporting on the same study participant, intervention and control as Holmgren et al 2012 | Pain: VAS; Function: Constant-Murley Score | 1 year (long-term follow-up) | 7/10 | 5/5 | ||
Holmgren et al. 2012, Sweden [26] | n = 97, diagnosed with primary SIS, shoulder pain at least 6 months, not responded to previous conservative treatment, on waiting list for operation, positive Neer’s injection test, 3 of 4 positive: Neer’s, Hawkins, empty can test, Patte’s manoeuvre. Intervention 14 women 37 men, mean age 52 years (SD 9); control 22 women 24 men, mean age 52 years (SD 8). | Eccentric exercise; Intensity: pain reproduction; Corticosteroid injection | Mobility exercise; Intensity lower than experiment group; Corticosteroid injection | Pain: VAS; Function: Constant-Murley Score | 12 weeks (post-treatment) | 7/10 | 5/5 |
Maenhout et al. 2013, Belgium [25] | n = 61, shoulder pain at least 3 months, painful arc sign, palpation pain supra/infraspinatus, 2 of 3 positive: Neer’s, Hawkins, empty can test and 2 of 4 painful resistance tests. Intervention 16 women 15 men, mean age 40.2 years (SD 12.9); control 20 women 10 men, mean age 39.4 years (SD 13.1). | Eccentric exercise; Intensity: pain reproduction | Resistance exercise; Intensity matched experiment group | Pain and function: SPADI | 12 weeks (post-treatment) | 6/10 | 5/5 |
Vallés-Carrascosa et al. 2018, Spain [36] | n = 22, diagnosed with SIS, positive painful arc sign. Intervention 8 women 3 men, mean age 57 years; control 4 women 7 men, mean age 60 years. | Eccentric exercise, pain up to 40–50 mm on VAS | Eccentric exercise, pain free execution | Pain: VAS; Function: Constant-Murley Score | 4 weeks (post-treatment) | 7/10 | 5/5 |