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Table 1 DAVC-PGV at each TSA of the BPSs in L1-L5

From: The methods for inserting lumbar bicortical pedicle screws from the anatomical perspective of the prevertebral great vessels

Lumbar

TSA

Type of DAVC-PGV

Left

Right

P 1

Left

Right

P 2

Number (%)

Number (%)

DAVC-PGV (cm)

DAVC-PGV (cm)

L1

0°

↑

27 (41.54%)

6 (9.23%)

    
 

≥0.50 cm

33 (50.77%)

58 (89.23%)

0.000

0.87 ± 0.29

1.37 ± 0.39

0.000

 

< 0.50 cm

5 (7.69%)

1 (1.54%)

 

0.30 ± 0.10

0.13

 

L1

5°

↑

3 (4.62%)

15 (23.08%)

    
 

≥0.50 cm

37 (56.92%)

47 (72.31%)

0.000

0.80 ± 0.24

1.45 ± 0.37

0.000

 

< 0.50 cm

25 (38.46%)

3 (4.62%)

 

0.30 ± 0.11

0.25 ± 0.17

 

L1

10°

↑

0

33 (50.77%)

    
 

≥0.50 cm

18 (27.69%)

29 (44.62%)

0.000

0.64 ± 0.11

1.40 ± 0.48

0.000

 

< 0.50 cm

47 (72.31%)

3 (4.62%)

 

0.33 ± 0.10

0.28 ± 0.11

 

L1

15°

↑

12 (18.46%)

39 (60.00%)

    
 

≥0.50 cm

5 (7.69%)

18 (27.69%)

0.000

0.63 ± 0.08

0.88 ± 0.40

0.008

 

< 0.50 cm

48 (73.85%)

8 (12.31%)

 

0.31 ± 0.09

0.36 ± 0.10

 

L2

0°

↑

38 (58.46%)

4 (6.15%)

    
 

≥0.50 cm

26 (40.00%)

59 (90.77%)

0.000

1.05 ± 0.29

1.02 ± 0.38

0.731

 

< 0.50 cm

1 (1.54%)

2 (3.08%)

 

0.31

0.45 ± 0.01

 

L2

5°

↑

14 (21.54%)

17 (26.15%)

    
 

≥0.50 cm

41 (63.08%)

42 (64.62%)

0.535

0.78 ± 0.20

1.12 ± 0.42

0.000

 

< 0.50 cm

10 (15.38%)

6 (9.23%)

 

0.34 ± 0.10

0.45 ± 0.03

 

L2

10°

↑

4 (6.15%)

31 (47.69%)

    
 

≥0.50 cm

24 (36.92%)

32 (49.23%)

0.000

0.69 ± 0.19

0.92 ± 0.38

0.004

 

< 0.50 cm

37 (56.92%)

2 (3.08%)

 

0.34 ± 0.08

0.44 ± 0.02

 

L2

15°

↑

5 (7.69%)

37 (56.92%)

    
 

≥0.50 cm

13 (20.00%)

24 (36.92%)

0.000

0.65 ± 0.13

0.80 ± 0.20

0.025

 

< 0.50 cm

47 (72.31%)

4 (6.15%)

 

0.32 ± 0.13

0.40 ± 0.06

 

L3

0°

↑

53 (81.54%)

0

    
 

≥0.50 cm

11 (16.92%)

21 (32.31%)

0.000

1.28 ± 0.43

0.74 ± 0.18

0.000

 

< 0.50 cm

1 (1.54%)

44 (67.69%)

 

0.34

0.41 ± 0.05

 

L3

5°

↑

23 (35.38%)

1 (1.54%)

    
 

≥0.50 cm

39 (60.00%)

23 (35.38%)

0.000

0.99 ± 0.28

0.72 ± 0.17

0.000

 

< 0.50 cm

3 (4.62%)

41 (63.08%)

 

0.37 ± 0.10

0.40 ± 0.08

 

L3

10°

↑

5 (7.69%)

10 (15.38%)

    
 

≥0.50 cm

47 (72.31%)

25 (38.46%)

0.001

0.73 ± 0.19

0.76 ± 0.28

0.643

 

< 0.50 cm

13 (20.00%)

30 (46.15%)

 

0.39 ± 0.06

0.35 ± 0.10

 

L3

15°

↑

7 (10.77%)

30 (46.15%)

    
 

≥0.50 cm

28 (43.08%)

23 (35.38%)

0.000

0.60 ± 0.07

0.83 ± 0.21

0.000

 

< 0.50 cm

30 (46.15%)

12 (18.46%)

 

0.37 ± 0.08

0.28 ± 0.12

 

L4

0°

↑

55 (84.62%)

0

    
 

≥0.50 cm

7 (10.77%)

21 (32.31%)

0.000

0.93 ± 0.36

0.74 ± 0.20

0.089

 

< 0.50 cm

3 (4.62%)

44 (67.69%)

 

0.26 ± 0.01

0.30 ± 0.13

 

L4

5°

↑

35 (53.85%)

1 (1.54%)

    
 

≥0.50 cm

22 (33.85%)

8 (12.31%)

0.000

0.94 ± 0.28

0.58 ± 0.06

0.000

 

< 0.50 cm

8 (12.31%)

56 (86.15%)

 

0.30 ± 0.15

0.21 ± 0.16

 

L4

10°

↑

9 (13.85%)

2 (3.08%)

    
 

≥0.50 cm

35 (53.85%)

14 (21.54%)

0.000

0.79 ± 0.21

0.64 ± 0.15

0.014

 

< 0.50 cm

21 (32.31%)

49 (75.38%)

 

0.32 ± 0.13

0.13 ± 0.14

 

L4

15°

↑

6 (9.23%)

8 (12.31%)

    
 

≥0.50 cm

14 (21.54%)

10 (15.38%)

0.641

0.70 ± 0.24

0.81 ± 0.19

0.200

 

< 0.50 cm

45 (69.23%)

47 (72.31%)

 

0.28 ± 0.13

0.14 ± 0.17

 

L4

20°

↑

2 (3.08%)

6 (9.23%)

    
 

≥0.50 cm

15 (23.08%)

21 (32.31%)

0.127

0.69 ± 0.19

0.67 ± 0.14

0.819

 

< 0.50 cm

48 (73.85%)

38 (58.46%)

 

0.28 ± 0.14

0.12 ± 0.17

 

L5

0°

↑

19 (29.23%)

0

    
 

≥0.50 cm

14 (21.54%)

13 (20.00%)

0.000

0.79 ± 0.21

0.79 ± 0.22

0.950

 

< 0.50 cm

32 (49.23%)

52 (80.00%)

 

0.08 ± 0.16

0.16 ± 0.18

 

L5

5°

↑

9 (13.85%)

1 (1.54%)

    
 

≥0.50 cm

14 (21.54%)

17 (26.15%)

0.035

0.86 ± 0.32

0.70 ± 0.11

0.098

 

< 0.50 cm

42 (64.62%)

47 (72.31%)

 

0.08 ± 0.15

0.07 ± 0.13

 

L5

10°

↑

4 (6.15%)

7 (10.77%)

    
 

≥0.50 cm

10 (15.38%)

12 (18.46%)

0.525

0.69 ± 0.11

0.58 ± 0.08

0.011

 

< 0.50 cm

51 (78.46%)

46 (70.77%)

 

0.08 ± 0.15

0.03 ± 0.09

 

L5

15°

↑

3 (4.62%)

10 (15.38%)

    
 

≥0.50 cm

2 (3.08%)

0

0.046

0.69 ± 0.13

  
 

< 0.50 cm

60 (92.31%)

55 (84.62%)

 

0.08 ± 0.15

0.07 ± 0.14

 

L5

20°

↑

3 (4.62%)

10 (15.38%)

    
 

≥0.50 cm

2 (3.08%)

0

0.046

0.58 ± 0.05

  
 

< 0.50 cm

60 (92.31%)

55 (84.62%)

 

0.04 ± 0.10

0.08 ± 0.16

 
  1. P1: Two-tailed Fisher’s exact test with a constituent ratio of DAVC-PGV↑, DAVC-PGV ≥ 0.50 cm, and DAVC-PGV < 0.50 cm between the left and right sides at each TSA. P2: Unpaired t-test, left DAVC-PGV ≥ 0.50 cm vs. rightDAVC-PGV ≥ 0.50 cm