Integrating Mobile-health, health coaching, and physical activity to reduce the burden of chronic low back pain trial (IMPACT): a pilot randomised controlled trial

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the IMPACT study population divided by group, numbers are mean (SD) unless otherwise stated

Variables	Intervention group (n = 34)	Control group (n = 34)
Age	59.5 (11.9)	57.1 (14.9)
Gender (female), number (%)	15 (44)	19 (56)
Body mass index	28.9 (6.0)	27.2 (5.1)
Non-smoker, number (%)	18 (53)	21 (62)
Education (graduate), number (%)	11 (32)	12 (35)
Pain intensity^a	5.4 (1.7)	5.2 (1.7)
Disability^b	8.9 (5.4)	9.0 (6.1)
Self-reported total Physical activity^c	609 (886)	625 (812)
Self-reported MVPA^d	199.1 (672.2)	129.8 (392.2)
Objective total Physical activity^e	2241 (886)	2099 (842)
Objective MVPA^f	197.5 (141.1)	209.0 (170.5)
Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity^g, number (%)	18 (53)	11 (32)
Fear avoidance beliefs^h, number (%)	21 (62)	22 (65)
Depressionⁱ	3.5 (4.9)	2.8 (3.7)
Anxietyⁱ	2.9 (3.1)	2.1 (2.1)
Stressⁱ	4.9 (3.4)	3.7 (3.5)
Fairly good sleep quality^j, number (%)	16 (47)	14 (41)

^aPain intensity measured with the numerical rating scale (0–10)
^bDisability measured with the Rolland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (0–24)
^cTotal minutes of physical activity per week measured with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)
^dEngagement moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) measured with the IPAQ
^eTotal minutes of physical activity per week measured with the Actigraph
^fEngagement in MVPA measured with the Actigraph
^gPercentage of participants meeting the physical activity guidelines (at least 150 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity)
^hPercentage of participants presenting high score in the fear avoidance belief questionnaire (FABQ) subscale for physical activity
ⁱMean scores for Depression, Anxiety and Stress collected with the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS)
^jPercentage of patients self-reporting fairly good sleep quality based on item 6 from the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)

ISSN: 1471-2474