Factors influencing disability in patients with chronic low back pain attending a tertiary hospital in sub-Saharan Africa

Table 3 RMDQ score variations by sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with CLBP at the Douala General Hospital, Cameroon

Variable	Category	RMDQ score mean ± SD	t or F statistic	p-value
Gende	Male	11.6 ± 6.4	−1.71	0.090
Gende	Female	13.5 ± 5.9	−1.71	0.090
Marital Status	Married	12.5 ± 6.1^a	3.45	0.035
	Single	11.5 ± 6.3^a
	Widowed	16.9 ± 4.6^b
Educational level	No formal	23.0 ± 1.4^a	3.67	0.014
	Primary	14.3 ± 5.3
	Secondary	12.9 ± 6.7
	Tertiary	11.3 ± 5.6^b
Employment status	Unemployed	14.2 ± 6.5	3.25	0.014
	Employed	11.7 ± 5.8
	Student	13.3 ± 6.0
	Housewife	15.9 ± 6.6
	Retired	17.4 ± 5.4
Employment type	Physical labour	13.1 ± 6.8	1.18	0.313
	Non-physical	11.1 ± 5.4
	Combination	12.8 ± 5.9
Income level (FCFA)	< 50,000	13.6 ± 6.3	0.78	0.507
	50,000–100,000	12.8 ± 5.2
	100,000 – 300,000	11.4 ± 5.9
	> 300,000	12.4 ± 6.6
Alcohol	Non-consumer	16.2 ± 5.7	−3.31	0.001
Alcohol	Consumer	11.9 ± 5.9	−3.31	0.001
Smoking	Non-smoker	12.7 ± 5.9	0.53	0.592
	Former	12.9 ± 7.0
	Current	16.3 ± 8.6
Sensory neuropathy	Absent	11.8 ± 6.3	−1.93	0.055
Sensory neuropathy	Present	13.8 ± 5.9	−1.93	0.055
BDDS	Absent	11.8 ± 5.9	−2.67	0.008
BDDS	Present	14.7 ± 6.2	−2.67	0.008
Leg pain	Absent	11.6 ± 6.4	−2.06	0.041
Leg pain	Present	13.7 ± 5.8	−2.06	0.041
Treatment	No	10.6 ± 6.4	1.84	0.68
Treatment	Yes	13.2 ± 6.0	1.84	0.68

^a-b= Means in a category with unidentical superscript letters differ (P < 0.05), using Tukey post-hoc criterion

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