Table 2 Regional and Population-Based Distribution and Characteristics of Cervical spondylosis
|  | N | n | p | Sp | χ2 | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Place of residence | ||||||
 Urban | 1293 | 169 | 13.07 | 0.94 | 8.257 | 0.016 |
 Suburban | 1284 | 205 | 15.97 | 1.02 |  |  |
 Rural | 1282 | 157 | 12.25 | 0.92 |  |  |
Age(years) | ||||||
  < 30 | 813 | 37 | 4.55 | 0.73 | 118.304 | < 0.001 |
 30- | 1065 | 114 | 10.70 | 0.95 |  |  |
 45- | 1199 | 245 | 20.43 | 1.16 |  |  |
  ≥ 60 | 772 | 130 | 16.84 | 1.35 |  |  |
Sex | ||||||
 Male | 1820 | 191 | 10.49 | 0.72 | 29.432 | < 0.001 |
 Female | 2029 | 335 | 16.51 | 0.82 |  |  |
Education | ||||||
 Undergraduate or higher | 598 | 60 | 10.03 | 1.23 | 18.503 | < 0.001 |
 Junior college | 689 | 75 | 10.89 | 1.19 |  |  |
 Senior high school | 1121 | 167 | 14.90 | 1.06 |  |  |
 Junior high school or lower | 1414 | 225 | 15.91 | 0.97 |  |  |
BMI(kg/m2) | ||||||
  < 18.5 | 235 | 15 | 6.38 | 1.60 | 15.559 | 0.001 |
 18.5- | 1912 | 250 | 13.08 | 0.77 |  |  |
 24.0- | 1324 | 201 | 15.18 | 0.99 |  |  |
  ≥ 28.0 | 366 | 59 | 16.12 | 2.92 |  |  |
Nature of labor | ||||||
 Physical-based | 1466 | 202 | 13.78 | 0.90 | 2.785 | 0.426 |
 Mental-based | 919 | 140 | 15.23 | 1.19 |  |  |
 Mixed | 894 | 114 | 12.75 | 1.12 |  |  |
Per capita monthly income level (Â¥) | ||||||
  < 2000 | 2194 | 300 | 13.67 | 0.73 | 0.765 | 0.682 |
 2000- | 1400 | 198 | 14.14 | 0.93 |  |  |
 5000- | 217 | 26 | 12.98 | 2.21 |  |  |
Drinking | ||||||
 Yes | 768 | 115 | 14.97 | 1.29 | 1.191 | 0.275 |
 No | 3091 | 416 | 13.46 | 0.61 |  |  |
Smoking | ||||||
 Yes | 929 | 110 | 11.84 | 1.06 | 3.798 | 0.051 |
 No | 2930 | 421 | 14.37 | 0.65 |  |  |
Job posture | ||||||
 Sitting | 1280 | 180 | 14.06 | 0.97 | 5.746 | 0.219 |
 Standing | 799 | 104 | 13.02 | 1.19 |  |  |
 Frequently stooping | 216 | 37 | 17.13 | 2.57 |  |  |
 Moving | 1156 | 166 | 14.36 | 1.03 |  |  |
 Other | 405 | 44 | 10.86 | 1.55 |  |  |
Daily transportation tools | ||||||
 Non manpower transportation tool | 2116 | 271 | 12.81 | 0.73 | 8.744 | 0.013 |
 Bicycle | 743 | 127 | 17.09 | 1.38 |  |  |
 On foot | 992 | 132 | 13.31 | 1.08 |  |  |
Sleep duration per day (hours/day) | ||||||
  ≥ 7 | 3002 | 374 | 12.46 | 0.60 | 28.354 | < 0.001 |
  < 7 | 762 | 152 | 19.95 | 1.45 |  |  |
Vibration | ||||||
 Yes | 334 | 50 | 14.97 | 2.96 | 0.451 | 0.502 |
 No | 3525 | 481 | 13.65 | 0.58 |  |  |
Duration of the same work posture (hr/d) | ||||||
  < 1 | 981 | 124 | 12.64 | 1.06 | 10.440 | 0.015 |
 1- | 987 | 164 | 16.62 | 1.19 |  |  |
 2- | 477 | 69 | 14.47 | 1.61 |  |  |
  ≥ 3 | 1411 | 174 | 12.33 | 0.88 |  |  |
Exercise frequency | ||||||
  ≥ 2 times/week | 1107 | 201 | 18.16 | 1.16 | 35.174 | < 0.001 |
 1 time/week | 281 | 41 | 14.59 | 2.11 |  |  |
 1 time/2 weeks | 77 | 8 | 10.39 | 3.50 |  |  |
  ≤ 1 time/month | 37 | 10 | 27.03 | 7.40 |  |  |
 No exercise | 2336 | 267 | 11.43 | 0.66 |  |  |
Exercise intensity | ||||||
 None | 2389 | 272 | 11.39 | 0.65 | 45.389 | < 0.001 |
 Mild | 759 | 150 | 19.76 | 1.45 |  |  |
 Moderate | 158 | 36 | 22.78 | 3.35 |  |  |
 Vigorous | 553 | 73 | 13.20 | 1.44 |  |  |
Waist–hip ratio | ||||||
 Normal | 1602 | 187 | 11.67 | 0.80 | 9.369 | 0.002 |
 Central obesity | 2243 | 339 | 15.11 | 0.76 |  |  |
Menopause | ||||||
 Yes | 775 | 188 | 24.26 | 1.54 | 52.193 | < 0.001 |
 No | 1145 | 134 | 11.70 | 0.95 |  |  |