Table 1 Patients’ characteristics among the studies
1st author (year) | Treatments | Details of treatment (dose and routes of Administration) | number of patients | Procedure (n) | Age mean ± SD years | Sex, Males (%) | BMI, kg/m2 | Follow-up time (days) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I. LMWH vs. placebo (saline) | ||||||||
 Fuji (2008) [10] | Enoxaparin | 20 mg sc qd for 14d | 81 | THR | 63.3 ± 10.4 | 10 (12.3) | 23.5 ± 3.4 | 90 |
40 mg sc qd for 14d | 80 | 60.6 ± 9.9 | 6 (7.5) | 23.5 ± 3.7 |  | |||
20 mg sc bid for 14d | 90 | 63.0 ± 9.3 | 15 (16.7) | 23.7 ± 3.6 |  | |||
Placebo | Saline bid for 14d | 86 | 62.0 ± 10.3 | 11 (12.8) | 24.0 ± 3.4 |  | ||
Enoxaparin | 20 mg sc qd for 14d | 78 | TKR | 68.8 ± 9.0 | 15 (19.2) | 25.7 ± 4.5 | 90 | |
40 mg sc qd for 14d | 74 | 70.0 ± 9.4 | 11 (14.9) | 25.3 ± 4.0 |  | |||
20 mg sc bid for 14d | 84 | 68.3 ± 8.7 | 5 (6) | 24.0 ± 4.0 |  | |||
Placebo | Saline bid for 14d | 79 | 68.7 ± 9.5 | 15 (19) | 25.4 ± 3.7 |  | ||
 Bergqvist (1996) [20] | Enoxaparin | 40 mg (0.4 ml) sc qd | 131 | THR | median = 70 (range: 44–87) | 56 (42.7) | median = 25.8 (range:18.6–37.9) | n/a |
Placebo | 0.4 ml saline qd | 131 | median = 70 (range: 44–87) | 57 (43.5) | median = 26.8 (range: 19.2–49.1) |  | ||
 Planes (1996) [21] | Enoxaparin | 40 mg sc qd for 2d | 90 | THR | 70 ± 9·1 | 47 (52.2) | 25·55 ± 3·19 | 21 |
Placebo | Saline qd | 89 | 68 ± 8·2 | 55 (61.8) | 25·85 ± 3·49 |  | ||
II. LMWH vs. inhibitor of factor Xa | ||||||||
 Kim (2016) [1] | Enoxaparin | 40 mg sc qd for 14d | 184 | THR | 43.9 ± 9.4 | 114 (62.0) | 25.4 ± 3.8 | N/A |
Rivaroxaban | 10 mg qd for 14d | 184 |  | 44.4 ± 8.6 | 99 (53.8) | 24.8 ± 3.1 |  | |
Placebo | 1 ml saline or placebo tablet qd | 185 |  | 43.4 ± 9.9 | 109 (58.9) | 24.3 ± 3.4 |  | |
 Zou (2014) [3] | Enoxaparin | 4000 anti-Xa IU (0.4 ml) qd for 14d | 112 | TKR | mean = 65.7 (range:54–80) | 20 (17.85) | mean = 27.0 (range:20.3–37.0) | 28 |
Rivaroxaban | 10 mg qd for 14d | 102 | mean = 63.5 (range:50–82) | 32 (31.37) | mean = 27.5 (range:18.0–39.5) |  | ||
Aspirin | 100 mg qd for 14d | 110 | mean = 62.7 (range:47–79) | 28 (25.45) | mean = 27.8 (range:17.8–40.0) |  | ||
 Kakkar (2008) [RECORD 2] [11] | enoxaparin | 40 mg sc qd for 10–14 d (with placebo tablet for 31–39d) | 1229 | THR | 61.6 ± 13.7 | 578 (47) | 27.1 ± 5.2 | n/a |
Rivaroxaban | 10 mg qd 31–39 d (with placebo injection for 10–14 d) | 1228 | 61.4 ± 13.2 | 561 (45.7) | 26.8 ± 4.8 |  | ||
 Eriksson (2008) [RECORD 1] [12] | Enoxaparin | 40 mg sc qd for 35d (range, 31-39d) (with placebo tablet) | 2224 | THR | median = 63.3 (range:18–93) | 982 (44.2) | median = 27.9 (range:15.2–50.2) | 30–42 |
Rivaroxaban | 10 mg qd for 35d (range, 31-39d) (with placebo injection) | 2209 | median = 63.1 (range:18–91) | 989 (44.8) | median = 27.8 (range:16.2–53.4) | |||
 Lassen (2008) [RECORD 3] [13] | Enoxaparin | 40 mg sc qd for 10-14d | 1239 | TKR | median = 67.6 (range:30–90) | 419 (33.7) | median = 29.8 (range:16.0–54.3) | 30–35 |
Rivaroxaban | 10 mg qd for 10-14d | 1220 | median = 67.6 (range:28–91) | 363 (29.8) | median = 29.5 (range:16.3–51.1) | |||
 Turpie (2009) [RECORD 4] [8] | Enoxaparin | 30 mg sc bid for 10-14d | 1508 | TKR | 64.7 ± 9.7 | 541(35.9) | 30.7 ± 6.0 | 30–35 |
Rivaroxaban | 10 mg qd for 10-14d | 1526 | 64.4 ± 9.7 | 519 (34.0) | 30.9 ± 6.2 | |||
 Lassen (2009) [ADVANCE-1] [9] | Enoxaparin | 30 mg sc bid for 10-14d (with placebo tablet) | 1596 | TKR | mean = 65.7 (range: 33–89) | 610 (38.2) | mean = 31.1 (range:17.7–57.6) | 60 |
Apixaban | 2.5 mg bid for 10-14d (with placebo tablet) | 1599 |  | mean = 65.9 (range:26–93) | 602 (37.6) | mean = 31.2 (range:18.1–57.7) | ||
 Lassen (2010a) [ADVANCE-2] [5] | Enoxaparin | 40 mg sc qd for 10-14d (with placebo tablet) | 1529 | TKR | median = 67 (IQR:60–73) | 402 (26) | median = 29.3 (IQR:26.1–32.7) | 60 |
Apixaban | 2.5 mg bid for 10-14d (with placebo tablet) | 1528 | median = 67 (IQR:59–73) | 439 (29) | median = 29.1 (IQR:25.8–32.4) | |||
 Lassen (2010b) [ADVANCE-3] [6] | Enoxaparin | 40 mg sc qd for 32-38d (with placebo tablet) | 2699 | THR | mean = 60.6 (range: 19–93) | 1248 (46.2) | mean = 28.1 (range:12.5–48.7) | 65 ± 5 |
Apixaban | 2.5 mg bid for 32-38d (with placebo tablet) | 2708 | mean = 60.9 (range: 19–92) | 1278 (47.2) | mean = 28.2 (range:15.4–58.5) | |||
 Eriksson (2014) [2] | enoxaparin | 40 mg sc qd, for 35 d | 314/393(ITT) |  | 61.1 ± 11.79 | 166 (42.2) | 28.4 ± 4.66 | 12 |
Darexaban | 15 mg bid for 35 d | 374/269 (ITT) | THR | 60.4 ± 10.95 | 188 (50.3) | 28.4 ± 4.97 |  | |
|  | 30 mg qd for 35 d | 383/293 (ITT) |  | 59.5 ± 11.73 | 191 (49.9) | 28.8 ± 5.14 |  | |
|  | 30 mg bid for 35 d | 296/387 (ITT) |  | 59.8 ± 12.13 | 204 (52.7) | 28.5 ± 5.22 |  | |
|  | 60 mg qd for 35 d | 274/385 (ITT) |  | 59.5 ± 11.82 | 182 (47.3) | 28.9 ± 5.00 |  | |
III. LMWH vs. direct thrombin inhibitor | ||||||||
 Heit (2001) [19] | LMWH | Enoxaparin: 30 mg sc bid for 6-12d | 125 | TKR | 68 ± 10 | 48 (38) | 31.8 ± 7.0 | n/a |
Ximelagatran | Ximelagatran | 475 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
8 mg for 6-12d | 85 |  | 65 ± 10 | 34 (40) | 32.6 ± 5.7 |  | ||
12 mg for 6-12d | 134 |  | 67 ± 11 | 56 (42) | 30.9 ± 6.0 |  | ||
18 mg for 6-12d | 126 |  | 68 ± 10 | 45 (36) | 30.9 ± 6.0 |  | ||
24 mg for 6-12d | 130 |  | 67 ± 11 | 46 (35) | 31.4 ± 5.7 |  | ||
 Eriksson (2003); METHRO III study [18] | Enoxaparin | 40 mg sc qd started 12 h before surgery for 8-10d | 1389 | THR (957) TKR (432) | mean = 65.8 (range: 26–93) | 549 (40) |  | n/a |
Ximelagatran | 24 mg bid for 8-10d beginning the next day of surgery for 8-10d | 1399 | THR (966) TKR (433) | mean = 66.4 (range:25–93) | 515 (37) |  |  | |
 Colwell (2003) [17] | Enoxaparin | 30 mg sc bid for 7-12d | 910 | THR | 64.0 ± 13.1 (n = 775) | 377 (48.6) | 28.3 ± 5.3 | n/a |
Ximelagatran | 24 mg bid for 7-12d | 906 | 64.5 ± 12.8 (n = 782) | 372 (47.6) | 28.4 ± 5.3 |  | ||
 Eriksson (2003); EXPRESS study [16] | Enoxaparin | 40 mg sc qd started 12 h before surgery for 8-10d | 1387 (ITT) | THR (942) TKR (445) | median = 67 (range:20–89) | 542 (39.1) |  | n/a |
Ximelagatran | 24 mg bid for 8-10d beginning the next day of surgery for 8-10d | 1377 (ITT) | THR (914) TKR (463) | median = 67 (range:24–88) | 509 (37.0) |  |  | |
 RE-MOBILIZE (2009) [7] | Enoxaparin | 30 mg sc bid for 12-15d | 868 | TKR | 66.3 ± 9.6 | 4364 (1.9) |  | n/a |
Dabigatran Etexilate | 220 mg qd for 12-15d | 857 | 66.2 ± 9.5 | 371 (43.3) |  |  | ||
150 mg qd for 12-15d | 871 | 65.9 ± 9.5 | 364 (41.8) |  |  | |||
 Eriksson (2007) a [RE-MODEL] [14] | Enoxaparin | 40 mg sc qd for 6-10d | 694 | TKR | 68 ± 9 | 216 (31) |  | 6–10 |
Dabigatran etexilate | 220 mg qd for 6-10d | 679 |  | 67 ± 9 | 238 (35) |  | ||
|  | 150 mg qd for 6-10d | 703 | 68 ± 9 | 252 (36) |  | |||
 Eriksson (2007) b [RE-NOVATE; Patients from Europe, Australia, and South Africa] [15] | Enoxaparin | 40 mg sc qd for 28-35d | 1154 | THR | 64 ± 11 | 503 (44) |  | 28–35 |
Dabigatran etexilate | 220 mg qd for 28-35d | 1146 | 65 ± 10 | 510 (44) |  |  | ||
|  | 150 mg qd for 28-35d | 1163 | 63 ± 11 | 496 (43) |  |  | ||
 Eriksson (2011) [RE-NOVATE II; Patients from North America] [4] | Enoxaparin | 40 mg sc qd for 28-35d (with placebo tablet for 28-35d) | 1003 | THR | 62 ± 11 | 501 (50) | 27.8 ± 4.8 | 28–35 |
Dabigatran etexilate | 220 mg qd for 28-35d (with placebo injection for 28-35d) | 1010 | 62 ± 12 | 541 (53.6) | 27.8 ± 4.8 |  | ||