Table 3 Type of wave characteristics, source of stimulation energy, and application parameters
Study author (year) [reference] | Energy generator | Source of energy | Device | Manufacturer | Shock wave treatment protocol | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Application parameters (per session) | Total treatment sessions | Interval between sessions | Treatment duration (week) | |||||||||
Rate (Hz) | EFD (mJ/mm2) | No. of impulses | TEDa (mJ/mm2) | Local anesthesia | ||||||||
Chen (2014) [51] | Focused | Piezoelectric | Piezowave | Wolf, Germany | 1–8 | 0.03–0.40 | 2000 | 60–800 | Not used | 6 | 1 week | 6 |
Geng (2017) [90] | Radial | Pneumatic | LGT2500 | Longest, China | NR | 0.28 | 2000 | 560 | Not used | 4 | 1Â week | 4 |
Guan (2015) [80] | Radial | Pneumatic | DolorClast | EMS, Switzerland | 5–7 | 0.05–0.075 | 2000–3000 | 100–225 | Not used | 3–5 | 1 week | 3–5 |
Huang (2017) [88] | Radial | Pneumatic | NR | Xiangyu, China | 12 | 0.18–0.31 | 2000 | 360–620 | NR | 5 | 1 week | 5 |
Jiang (2016) [81] | Radial | NR | NR | NR | 2–4 | 0.10–0.18 | 2500 | 100–625 | Not used | 6 | 2 days | 2 |
Khosrawi (2017) [48] | Focused | NR | NR | NR | 4 | 0.15 | 1500 | 225 | Not used | 3 | 1Â week | 3 |
Liu (2016) [82] | Radial | Pneumatic | DolorClast | EMS, Switzerland | 10 | 0.21 | 2000 | 420 | Not used | 4 | 1Â week | 4 |
Taunton (2003) [83] | Focused | Electromagnetic | Sonocur | Siemens, USA | NR | 0.17 | 2000 | 340 | Not used | 3–5 | 1 week | 3–5 |
Thijs (2017) [84] | Focused | Piezoelectric | PiezoClast | EMS, Switzerland | 1–2 | 0.20 | 1000 | 200 | Not used | 3 | 1 week | 3 |
Vetrano (2013) [85] | Focused | Electromagnetic | Modulith SLK | Storz, Switzerland | NR | 0.17–0.25 | 2400 | 408–600 | Not used | 3 | 2–3 days | 2 |
Wang (2014) [86] | Focused | Electrohydraulic | OssaTron | HMT, Switzerland | NR | 0.298 | 1500 | 447 | Used | 1 | Â | 1 |
Weckström (2016) [52] | Radial | Pneumatic | Masterpuls MP 100 | Storz, Switzerland | 15 | 0.10–0.40 | 4600 | 460–1840 | Not used | 3 | 1 week | 3 |
Wu (2009) [91] | Radial | Pneumatic | ESWO-AJ | EMS, Switzerland | 1–15 | 0.10–0.12 | 2000 | 200–240 | Not used | 36 | 2 days | 12 |
Wu (2016) [89] | Radial | Pneumatic | MP50 | Storz, Switzerland | 5–11 | 0.15–0.32 | 2000 | 300–640 | Not used | 4 | 5 days | 3 |
Yang (2007) [16] | Focused | Electrohydraulic | HK.ESWO-AJ II | Wikkon, China | 1 | 0.06–0.11 | 1000–2000 | 60–220 | Not used | 6 | 4 days | 3–4 |
Zhang (2016) [92] | Radial | Pneumatic | MP100 | Storz, Switzerland | 10–15 | 0.08–0.15 | 2000–3000 | 300–640 | Not used | 18 | 2 days | 6 |
Zhang (2017) [17] | Radial | Pneumatic | HK.ESWO-AJ II | Wikkon, China | 8 | 0.11 | 1800–2000 | 60–220 | Not used | 8 | 3 days | 4 |
Zhou (2015) [53] | Radial | Pneumatic | DolorClast | EMS, Switzerland | 8–10 | 0.10–0.18 | 2000 | 200–360 | Not used | 5 | 4 days | 3 |
Zwerver (2011) [87] | Focused | Piezoelectric | Piezowave | Wolf, Germany | 4 | 0.10–0.58 | 2000 | 200–1160 | Not used | 3 | 1 week | 3 |