Table 1 Characteristics of the study sample at study onset (n = 145)
Variables | Frequency (%) | Mean (SD) |
|---|---|---|
Age | 44.0 (15.4) | |
Sex, female (missing: 2) | 104 (71.7) | |
BMI (missing: 25) | 24.7 (3.7) | |
Education | ||
≤ 13 years | 45 (31.0) | |
College /university | 98 (67.6) | |
(Missing: 2) | ||
Work status | ||
Working or being in education | 119 (82.1) | |
Not working | 26 (17.9) | |
Relationship status | ||
In a relationship | 75 (51.7) | |
Not in a relationship | 68 (46.9) | |
(Missing: 2) | ||
Smoking (missing: 2) | 12 (8.3) | |
Emotional distress (HSCL-25)a (1–4) | 1.6 (0.5) | |
Pain intensity (NPRS)b (0–10) (Missing: 18) | 4.9 (2.3) | |
Disability (PSFS)c (0–10) | 4.5 (2.0) | |
Duration of pain | ||
0–3 months | 28 (19.3) | |
4–12 months | 39 (26.9) | |
> 12 months | 78 (53.8) | |
Use of pain relieving drugs | ||
Every week or more | 31 (21.4) | |
Less than every week | 113 (77.9) | |
(Missing: 1) | ||
Concomitant neck pain | 60 (41.4) | |
Number of pain sites | ||
> 2 sites of pain | 24 (16.6) | |
≤ 2 sites of pain | 121 (83.4) | |