Custom foot orthoses improve first-step pain in individuals with unilateral plantar fasciopathy: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial

Table 4 Baseline characteristics of participants with plantar fasciopathy allocated to the control, shoe or orthoses groups

Variable		Control group		Shoe group		Orthoses group		p-value
		13 F:7 M		12F: 8 M		14F: 6 M
		Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Age (years)		44.7	13.3	44.9	14.5	44.5	13.0	0.996
Duration of symptoms (month)		6.0	3.1	6.1	3.3	6.2	2.5	0.987
Baseline pain (100 mm VAS)	First-step	58.7	24.6	51.7	24.6	62.8	21.3	0.324
	Average 24-h	44.4	20.6	55.6	21.3	48.4	19.8	0.227
Height (m)		1.67	0.08	1.69	0.08	1.70	0.09	0.635
Body mass (kg)		76.1	23.4	85.4	25.6	80.1	18.8	0.725
BMI (kg/m²)		27.1	8.3	29.8	9.3	27.7	5.6	0.681
Foot length (mm)		247.2	12.8	246.5	16.7	244.7	22.3	0.900
		246.1	13.3	247.0	17.0	245.3	22.6	0.989
Navicular height (mm)	Symp	35.2	4.9	38.6	6.9	36.2	6.6	0.292
	Non-symp	35.8	5.5	38.8	6.3	36.4	6.9	0.363
Normalised navicular height truncated (NNHt)	Symp	0.20	0.03	0.22	0.04	0.20	0.05	0.290
Normalised navicular height truncated (NNHt)	Non-symp	0.20	0.03	0.22	0.05	0.21	0.04	0.400

Abbreviations: mnth months, VAS visual analogue scale, m metres, kg kilograms, BMI body mass index, mm millimetres, Symp the symptomatic foot, Non-symp the non-symptomatic foot, F female participants, M male participants, Mean population mean, SD standard deviation of the mean. Statistical significance was set at 0.05

ISSN: 1471-2474