Table 4 Cumulative exposure assignments among women for the single exposure categories
Study | Median age (ref. population: 46 years, range 25–70 yrs.) | Exposure parameter of the included study | Cases, n | Control subjects/participantsa, n (%) | Median exposure percentile | OR (95% CI) | Assigned exposure ab[tons] | Assigned exposure bc [tons] | Assigned exposure cd[numbers × 1000] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coggon et al. [3], GB | mean 68 years (≥ 45 yearse) | Duration of lifting loads ≥25 kg | 401 (total) | 401 (total) | |||||
0 years | 328 | 334 (83.3%) | 41.7 | 1.0 - | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
1–9 years | 40 | 35 (8.7%) | 87.7 | 1.1 (0.6–1.7) | 238 | 0 | 12 | ||
10–19 years | 19 | 12 (3%) | 93.5 | 1.4 (0.7–2.9) | 1124 | 575 | 45 | ||
≥ 20 years | 14 | 20 (5%) | 97.5 | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | 4576 | 3468 | 176 | ||
Elsner et al. [7], Germany | ca. 49 years (54% ≤45 yrs.) | Lifting > 20 kg frequently or almost always | 86 (total) | 103 (total) | |||||
no | 68 | 92 (89.3%) | 44,7 | 1.0 - | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
yes | 18 | 11 (10.7%) | 94,7 | 1.9 (0.83–4.79) | 1522 | 1332 | 52 | ||
Kaila-Kangas et al. [10], Finland | ca. 53 years (range 30–97 years) | Duration of manual handling of loads > 20 kg | 71 (total) | 3,430f (total) | |||||
0 years | 40 | 2687 (76.8%) | 38.4 | 1.0 - | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
1–12 years | 7 | 312 (8.9%) | 81.2 | 1.6 (0.7–3.5) | 13 | 0 | 0.7 | ||
13–24 years | 8 | 193 (5.5%) | 88.4 | 3.8 (1.7–8.1) | 288 | 0 | 14 | ||
> 24 Jahre | 16 | 306 (8.7%) | 95.7 | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) | 1949 | 1794 | 63 | ||
Lau et al. [12], Hong Kong | Lifting ≥50 kg | 108 (total) | 324 (total) | ||||||
No | 77 | 277 (85.5%) | 42.8 | 1.0 - | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
1–10 times per week | 10 | 18 (5.6%) | 88.3 | 2.0 (0.9–4.6) | 288 | 0 | 14 | ||
≥10 times per week | 21 | 29 (9.0%) | 95.6 | 2.9 (1.5–5.6) | 1949 | 1794 | 63 | ||
Rubak et al. [17], Denmark | 64.7 years (range ca. 40–70 yrs.) | No. of ton years (1 ton year = lifting 1 ton per day over 1 year) | 935g (total) | 1721 (total) | |||||
0 ton years | 527 | 1000 (58.1%) | 29.1 | 1.0 - | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
> 0- < 10 ton years | 169 | 267 (15,5%) | 66 | 1.15 (0.87–1.53) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
10- < 20 ton years | 136 | 288 (16,7%) | 82.1 | 0.81 (0.61–1.09) | 24 | 0 | 0 | ||
20–115 ton years | 103 | 166 (9,6%) | 95.2 | 1.0 (0.72–1.41) | 1546 | 70 | 19 | ||
Vingard et al. [25], Sweden | 63 years (range 50–70 yrs.) | Number of lifts before the age of 50 | 230 (total) | 273 (total) | |||||
0–20,328 | 47 | 68 (25%) | 12.5 | 1.0 - | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
20,329–44,088 | 101 | 137 (50%) | 50 | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
44,089–95,040 | 82 | 68 (25%) | 87.6 | 1.5 (0.9–2.5) | 194 | 0 | 12 |