Table 3 Methodological appraisal of included studies (n = 65)
From: An update on the prevalence of low back pain in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analyses
Criterion study ID | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | % | MA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mulimba [17] | + | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | – | – | 40 | No |
Bezzaoucha [18] | + | – | + | + | + | + | – | + | – | + | 70 | Yes |
Harris [19] | – | – | + | + | + | + | – | – | + | + | 60 | No |
Schierhout et al. [20] | + | + | + | + | + | + | – | – | – | + | 70 | Yes |
Mijiyawa et al. [21] | – | – | – | + | – | + | – | – | – | + | 30 | No |
Omokhodion et al. [22] | + | – | + | + | + | + | – | – | + | + | 70 | Yes |
Worku [23] | + | – | + | + | – | + | – | – | + | + | 60 | No |
Wallner-Schlotfeldt et al. [24] | – | + | + | + | + | + | – | + | + | + | 80 | Yes |
Omokhodion et al. [25] | + | + | + | + | + | + | – | + | + | + | 90 | Yes |
Mbaye et al. [26] | – | – | + | + | + | + | – | – | + | + | 60 | No |
Omokhodion et al. [27] | + | + | + | + | + | + | – | – | – | + | 70 | Yes |
Igumbor et al. [28] | + | + | + | + | + | + | – | – | + | + | 80 | Yes |
Omokhodion et al. [29] | + | + | + | + | + | + | – | – | + | + | 80 | Yes |
Govender [30] | + | + | + | + | + | + | – | + | + | + | 90 | Yes |
Prista et al. [31] | + | – | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 90 | Yes |
Fabunmi et al. [32] | + | – | – | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 80 | Yes |
Sanya et al. [33] | + | – | + | + | + | + | – | – | + | + | 70 | Yes |
Bejia et al. [34] | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 100 | Yes |
Jordaan et al. [35] | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 100 | Yes |
Adedoyin et al. [36] | – | + | + | – | + | + | – | – | + | + | 60 | No |
Bejia et al. [37] | + | + | + | + | + | + | – | + | + | + | 90 | Yes |
Van Vuuren et al. [38] | – | – | + | + | + | + | – | – | + | + | 60 | No |
Van Vuuren et al. [39] | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | – | + | + | 90 | Yes |
Galukande et al. [40] | – | + | + | + | + | + | – | + | + | + | 80 | Yes |
Ayanniyi et al. [41] | + | + | + | – | + | + | + | + | + | – | 80 | Yes |
Hill et al. [42] | + | + | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | – | 50 | No |
Bio et al. [43] | + | + | – | + | + | + | + | – | + | + | 80 | Yes |
Balogun and Owoaje [44] | + | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | – | 40 | No |
Naidoo and Coopoo [45] | – | + | + | + | + | + | + | – | – | – | 60 | No |
Odebiyi et al. [87] | – | – | + | + | + | + | + | – | + | + | 70 | Yes |
Adegoke et al. [46] | + | – | + | – | + | + | + | – | – | + | 50 | No |
Akinbo et al. [47] | + | + | – | – | + | + | + | – | + | + | 70 | Yes |
Sikiru and Shmaila [48] | + | – | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 90 | Yes |
Booysens et al. [49] | + | – | + | – | + | + | – | – | + | – | 50 | No |
Isa et al. [82] | + | – | – | + | – | + | + | + | + | + | 70 | Yes |
Tinubu et al. [50] | – | – | + | – | + | + | + | – | – | + | 50 | No |
Ouédraogo et al. [51] | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | – | + | 40 | No |
Sikiru and Hanifa [52] | – | – | – | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 70 | Yes |
Abiodun-Solanke et al. [83] | + | + | – | – | + | + | – | – | + | + | 60 | Yes |
Ayanniyi et al. [53] | + | – | + | – | + | + | + | – | + | + | 70 | Yes |
Saidu et al. [64] | – | – | + | – | + | + | + | – | + | – | 50 | No |
Himalowa and Frantz [54] | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | – | – | + | 80 | Yes |
Desai et al. [55] | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | + | + | 50 | No |
Noorbhai et al. [56] | + | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | + | + | 60 | No |
Birabi et al. [57] | + | – | – | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 80 | Yes |
Ogunbode et al. [58] | + | – | – | + | + | + | + | – | – | + | 60 | No |
Oyeyemi et al. [84] | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | + | + | + | 60 | Yes |
Akinpelu et al. [59] | – | – | + | + | + | + | + | – | + | + | 70 | Yes |
Jimoh et al. [60] | + | + | – | + | + | + | + | – | + | + | 80 | Yes |
Madiba et al. [61] | + | – | + | – | + | + | + | – | + | + | 70 | Yes |
Tella et al. [65] | – | – | – | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 70 | Yes |
Rufa’i et al. [66] | – | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | – | + | 80 | Yes |
Botha et al. [62] | + | – | + | – | + | + | + | – | + | + | 70 | Yes |
El-Soud et al. [63] | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | – | + | – | 80 | Yes |
Chiwaridzo et al. [67] | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 100 | Yes |
Erick and Smith [68] | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 100 | Yes |
Mwaka et al. [69] | + | – | + | – | + | + | + | + | + | – | 70 | Yes |
Major-Helstoot et al. [70] | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | – | – | + | 80 | Yes |
Akodu et al. [88] | – | – | + | + | + | + | + | – | + | + | 70 | Yes |
Triki et al. [84] | + | – | – | + | + | + | – | + | – | – | 50 | No |
Adegoke et al. [85] | + | – | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 90 | Yes |
Vincent-Onabajo et al. [86] | – | – | + | + | + | + | + | – | – | + | 60 | Yes |
Akodu et al. [89] | – | – | + | + | + | + | + | – | + | + | 70 | Yes |
Odebiyi et al. [90] | + | – | + | – | + | + | + | – | – | + | 60 | Yes |
Belay et al. [91] | + | – | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 90 | Yes |