Risk factors for progression of radiographic knee osteoarthritis in elderly community residents in Korea

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the subjects with/without knee osteoarthritis

^aCharacteristics	No. of subjects	No knee osteoarthritis (n = 307, 60.9%)	Knee osteoarthritis (n = 197, 39.1%)	P value
Age, median (IQR) years		68.62 (67.70–69.53)	72.64 (71.67–73.62)	< 0.001
Sex				< 0.001
Men	230	84.3	15.7
Women	274	41.2	58.8
BMI kg/m²				0.001
< 25	264	67.4	32.6
≥ 25	239	53.6	46.4
Lower level of education	393	53.4	46.6	< 0.001
Low income	123	49.6	50.4	< 0.001
Exercise (≥ 3 times/week)	131	75.6	24.4	< 0.001
Previous or current smoker	204	81.9	18.1	< 0.001
Previous or current alcohol consumption	209	76.1	23.9	< 0.001
Manual occupation	100	32	68	< 0.001
Marriage (living without spouse)	157	36.3	63.7	< 0.001
Diabetes mellitus	51	60.8	39.2	0.984
Osteoporosis	97	44.3	55.7	< 0.001

IQR interquartile range, BMI body mass index
^aExcept where indicated otherwise, values are written as percentages. Levels of education were classified as < 10 years or ≥10 years. Income was divided into 11 categories and low income was defined as < 500,000 Korean won per month. Exercise status was self-reported and responses were classified as < 3 times/week or ≥3 times/week. Smoking was defined as more than 20 packs of cigarettes having ever been smoked during the participants’ lifetime. Alcohol consumption was defined as the drinking of any alcoholic beverage more than once per month. Manual work was defined as work demanding physical or heavy physical exertion. Co-morbidity health information was also self-reported, and was recorded using 29 pre-defined diagnostic categories. Diabetes mellitus was defined as either a fasting glucose level ≥ 126 mg/dL or a 2-h glucose level of ≥200 mg/dL after 75-g oral glucose loading, or treatment for previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus

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