Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Age ≥ 18 years

Age < 18 years

Isolated, traumatic, epi-metaphyseal fractures to the proximal fifth metatarsal (L&B type I & II)

Meta-diaphyseal- (L&B type III), shaft-, and distal fractures to the fifth metatarsal

Follow-up of at least 6 month

Any further injuries

Non-traumatic or any pathological fractures

Time to treatment >6 weeks

Missing initial radiographs