Table 1 Characteristics of the sample (n = 1023)
|  | Men (n = 459, 44.9%) | Women (n = 564, 55.1%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age at imaging (years)a | 46.8 (0.4) | 46.8 (0.4) | |
Cross-sectional area of L4, (cm2)a | 13.3 (1.7) | 10.5 (1.3) | |
Height of L4 (cm)a | 2.8 (1.5) | 2.7 (1.4) | |
Height (cm)a | 178.7 (6.1) | 164.7 (5.8) | |
Weight (kg)a | 86.2 (12.5) | 71.8 (14.4) | |
BMI (kg/m2)a | 27.0 (3.6) | 26.5 (5.3) | |
BMI, classifiedb | |||
| Â | < 18.5 | 0.4 (2) | 0.7 (4) |
|  | 18.5–24.9 | 32.0 (147) | 46.5 (262) |
|  | 25.0–29.9 | 49.2 (226) | 31.0 (175) |
|  | ≥ 30 | 18.3 (84) | 21.8 (123) |
Education (years)b | |||
|  | ≤ 9 | 2.8 (13) | 2.0 (11) |
|  | 9–12 | 73.2 (336) | 72.9 (411) |
| Â | > 12 | 24.0 (110) | 25.2 (142) |
Smokingb | |||
| Â | Non-smoker | 49.7 (228) | 61.0 (344) |
| Â | Former | 35.3 (162) | 23.8 (134) |
| Â | Current | 15.0 (69) | 15.2 (86) |
High-impact sports at age 31b | |||
| Â | Non-participant | 56.9 (261) | 68.6 (387) |
| Â | Participant | 43.1 (198) | 31.4 (177) |
High-impact sports at age 46b | |||
| Â | Non-participant | 63.0 (289) | 70.7 (399) |
| Â | Participant | 37.0 (170) | 29.3 (165) |
Longitudinal impact categoryb | |||
| Â | Low | 44.7 (205) | 58.3 (329) |
| Â | Mixed | 30.5 (140) | 22.7 (128) |
| Â | High | 24.8 (114) | 19.0 (107) |