Table 3 Details of in vitro studies
Study | Species | No. of animals in HA | No. of animals in HAÂ +Â AI | Treatments | Outcome extracted | HA characteristics | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Doyle et al., 2005 [38] | Horse | 5 | 5 | 1. HA 0.1, 1, 1.5 mg/mL 2. MPA 0.05, 0.5, 5 mg/mL + HA 0.1, 1, 1.5 mg/mL | GAG in cartilage explants | HA (MW 500–730 kDa) | • Adding HA had little effect on MPA-induced cartilage matrix PG catabolism in articular cartilage explants |
Yates et al., 2006 [40] | Horse | 7 | 7 | 1. HA 0.2, 2 mg/mL 2. MPA 0.05, 0.5 mg/mL + HA 0.2, 2 mg/mL | ACAN expression GAG in chondrocyte pellets | HA (MW 500–730 kDa) | • ACAN expression was significantly reduced with MPA treatment • High concentration of MPA + HA increased GAG content in chondrocyte pellets |
Schaefer et al., 2009 [39] | Horse | 3 | 3 | 1. HA 0.5, 2 mg/mL 2. TA 0.06, 0.6 mg/mL + HA 0.5, 2 mg/mL | ACAN, COL2A1 expression GAG in chondrocyte pellets | HA (MW 3,000,000 kDa) | • High concentration of HA and TA increased total GAG content • High concentration of HA or TA alone or in combination mitigated effects of IL-1 on GAG catabolism |
Euppayo et al., 2015 [23] | Dog | 3 | 3 | 1. HA 2.5 mg/mL 2. HA 2.5 mg/mL + CAR 6.2.5, 12.5, 25 mg/mL | ACAN, COL2A1 expression | HA (MW 500–730 kDa) | • HA caused high expression levels of COL2A1 and ACAN in OA cartilage • HA + CAR caused higher COL2A1 and ACAN expression levels than CAR alone |
Euppayo et al., 2016 [22] | Dog | 2 | 2 | 1. HA 2.5 mg/mL 2. TA 0.09, 0.11 mg/mL + HA 2.5 mg/mL | ACAN, COL2A1 expression | HA (MW 500–750 kDa) | • TA (0.11 mg/mL) up-regulated ACAN expression in canine OA chondrocytes • HA + TA did not show clearly beneficial effects |