Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the female participants in the snoring groups (n = 3220)
Non-snoring (n = 1398) | Snoring (1–5 nights/week) (n = 1493) | Severe snoring (6–7 nights/week) (n = 329) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival time (years) | 9.6 ± 1.1 | 9.5 ± 1.4 | 9.3 ± 1.6 | 0.003* |
Age (years) | 51.3 ± 8.9 | 52.6 ± 8.6 | 55.7 ± 8.2 | <0.001* |
Weight (kg) | 57.1 ± 7.8 | 59.8 ± 8.2 | 62.5 ± 8.6 | <0.001* |
Height (cm) | 153.9 ± 5.6 | 154.1 ± 5.5 | 153.5 ± 5.5 | <0.001* |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.1 ± 3.0 | 25.2 ± 3.1 | 26.5 ± 3.2 | <0.001* |
Waist circumference (cm) | 79.8 ± 9.2 | 82.3 ± 9.5 | 86.6 ± 9.2 | <0.001* |
Hip circumference (cm) | 92.4 ± 5.7 | 93.9 ± 5.8 | 96.2 ± 6.2 | <0.001* |
Regular exercise, n (%) | 325 (23.3) | 366 (24.5) | 69 (21.0) | 0.359 |
Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 0.314 | |||
Never | 1012 (72.4) | 1052 (70.5) | 221 (67.2) | |
Past | 32 (2.3) | 40 (2.7) | 12 (3.7) | |
Current | 354 (25.3) | 401 (26.9) | 96 (29.2) | |
Lifetime smoker, n (%) | 0.814 | |||
Never | 1342 (96.0) | 1438 (96.3) | 312 (94.8) | |
Past | 29 (2.1) | 29 (1.9) | 9 (2.7) | |
Current | 27 (1.9) | 26 (1.7) | 8 (2.4) | |
History of previous fracture, n (%) | 31 (2.2) | 42 (2.8) | 15 (4.6) | 0.062 |
Family history of osteoporosis or fracture, n (%) | 78 (5.6) | 79 (5.3) | 18 (5.5) | 0.943 |
Degenerative arthritis, n (%) | 187 (13.4) | 279 (18.7) | 94 (28.6) | <0.001* |
Rheumatoid arthritis, n (%) | 98 (7.0) | 118 (7.9) | 37 (11.3) | 0.037* |
Hypertension, n (%) | 172 (12.3) | 289 (19.4) | 89 (27.1) | <0.001* |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 60 (4.3) | 86 (5.8) | 35 (10.6) | <0.001* |
Medications for osteoporosis, n (%) | 62 (4.4) | 87 (5.8) | 17 (5.2) | 0.239 |
Years since menopause (years) | 6.5 ± 8.5 | 7.2 ± 8.5 | 9.7 ± 8.8 | <0.001* |
Current estrogen therapy, n (%) | 55 (3.9) | 45 (3.0) | 15 (4.6) | 0.245 |
Speed of sound of radius (m/s) | 4212.2 ± 185.5 | 4187.6 ± 186.1 | 4136.6 ± 187.4 | <0.001* |
T-score of radius | 0.3 ± 1.6 | 0.1 ± 1.6 | −0.3 ± 1.6 | <0.001* |
Z-score of radius | 1.1 ± 1.4 | 0.9 ± 1.4 | 0.8 ± 1.4 | <0.001* |
Speed of sound of tibia (m/s) | 3867.6 ± 164.3 | 3854.3 ± 161.9 | 3822.2 ± 171.3 | <0.001* |
T-score of tibia | −0.8 ± 1.5 | −0.9 ± 1.5 | −1.2 ± 1.6 | <0.001* |
Z-score of tibia | −0.1 ± 1.3 | −0.1 ± 1.3 | −0.2 ± 1.5 | <0.001* |
Fracture, n (%) | 103 (7.4) | 124 (8.3) | 46 (14.0) | 0.001* |