Table 5 Characteristics of Infected and Non-Infected Fractures

Fracture type

<0.0001

 Open

13 (56.5%)

149 (19.5%)

162 (20.6%)

 Closed

10 (43.5%)

615 (80.5%)

625 (79.4%)

Open fracture Gustilo classification (N = 162)

0.0002

 I

1 (7.7%)

66 (44.3%)

67 (41.4%)

 II

3 (23.1%)

41 (27.5%)

44 (27.2%)

 IIIA

2 (15.4%)

26 (17.4%)

28 (17.3%)

 IIIB

7 (53.8%)

14 (9.4%)

21 (13.0%)

 IIIC

0 (0.0%)

1 (0.7%)

1 (0.6%)

Closed Fracture Tscherne classification (N = 625)

0.0588

 0

1 (10.0%)

275 (44.7%)

276 (44.2%)

 1

5 (50.0%)

246 (40.0%)

251 (40.2%)

 2

3 (30.0%)

79 (12.8%)

82 (13.1%)

 3

1 (10.0%)

15 (2.4%)

16 (2.6%)

Hospital Type

0.9938

 Private

20 (87.0%)

662 (86.6%)

682 (86.7%)

 Public

2 (8.7%)

65 (8.5%)

67 (8.5%)

 Combination

1 (4.3%)

37 (4.8%)

38 (4.8%)

Surgical Delay >6 h

0.6921

 Yes

21 (91.3%)

670 (87.8%)

691 (87.9%)

 No

2 (8.7%)

93 (12.2%)

95 (12.1%)

Method of fixation

0.1110

 Plate

11 (47.8%)

329 (43.1%)

340 (43.2%)

 Reamed intramedullary nail

7 (30.4%)

318 (41.6%)

325 (41.3%)

 Screw

1 (4.3%)

68 (8.9%)

69 (8.8%)

 Unreamed intramedullary nail

3 (13.0%)

26 (3.4%)

29 (3.7%)

 Screw and wire

0 (0.0%)

9 (1.2%)

9 (1.1%)

 Wire

0 (0.0%)

5 (0.7%)

5 (0.6%)

 Intramedullary nail (unspecified)

1 (4.3%)

3 (0.4%)

4 (0.5%)

 Plate and wire

0 (0.0%)

2 (0.3%)

2 (0.3%)

 Plate and reamed nail

0 (0.0%)

1 (0.1%)

1 (0.1%)

 External fixator

0 (0.0%)

1 (0.1%)

1 (0.1%)

Implant Material

0.9643

 Stainless steel

17 (73.9%)

567 (74.2%)

584 (74.2%)

 Titanium

6 (26.1%)

196 (25.7%)

202 (25.7%)

Fracture healed radiographically by 12 months

13 (56.5%)

674 (88.2%)

687 (87.3%)

<0.0001

Radiographic healing time in days (Mean ± SD)

223.0 ± 102.6

149.2 ± 72.0

150.6 ± 73.3

0.0234