| Load carriage (% BW) | ||
---|---|---|---|
0 | 20 | 30 | |
Stance duration (%) | 37.8 (1.1) | 42.3 (2.5) | 43.2 (1.8) |
Ground reaction force (BW) | 2.7 (0.4) | 2.9 (0.3) | 3.1 (0.4) |
Peak joint angles (degree) | |||
 Ankle | |||
  Dorsiflexion | 28.5 (2.2) | 28.2 (1.7) | 27.9 (1.5) |
  Plantarflexion | 27.4 (1.1) | 22.9 (3.0) | 17.9 (6.7) |
 Knee | |||
  Flexion during stance phase | 37.7 (4.5) | 39.1 (5.2) | 40.6 (7.9) |
  Flexion during swing phase | 92.0 (6.3) | 89.5 (4.3) | 90.7 (5.9) |
 Hip | |||
 Flexion | 33.8 (5.1) | 41.3 (5.5) | 45.8 (7.9) |
 Extension | 23.2 (3.5) | 15.8 (7.3) | 10.5 (14.8) |
 Adduction | 5.3 (2.0) | 5.8 (0.9) | 5.0 (1.9) |
 External rotation | 6.4 (2.4) | 6.3 (3.5) | 7.9 (2.7) |
Peak joint moments (N · m/kg) | |||
 Ankle | |||
  Plantarflexion | 3.4 (0.3) | 3.6 (0.3) | 3.7 (0.3) |
 Knee | |||
  Flexion | 0.7 (0.1) | 0.8 (0.1) | 0.7 (0.1) |
  Extension | 1.9 (0.7) | 1.7 (0.7) | 1.8 (0.5) |
 Hip | |||
  Flexion | 1.0 (0.1) | 1.0 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.3) |
  Extension | 1.6 (0.7) | 2.1 (0.9) | 2.6 (1.2) |
Peak joint reaction forces (BW) | |||
 Ankle | 12.6 (0.8) | 13.1 (1.7) | 13.2 (1.6) |
 Knee | 14.1 (2.3) | 15.6 (2.9) | 17.0 (3.0) |
 Hip | 10.8 (1.4) | 14.4 (3.0) | 16.1 (3.2) |