Sedentary behaviour is associated with increased long-term cardiovascular risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis independently of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity

Fenton, Sally A. M.; Veldhuijzen van Zanten, Jet J. C. S.; Kitas, George D.; Duda, Joan L.; Rouse, Peter C.; Yu, Chen-an; Metsios, George S.

doi:10.1186/s12891-017-1473-9

Table 3 Regression analyses

From: Sedentary behaviour is associated with increased long-term cardiovascular risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis independently of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity

	Sedentary time (min/day)				LPA (min/day)				Number of Sbreaks (avg/day)				Number of Sbouts (avg/day)				Average time per Sbout (min)
	β	R²	R^2∆ ^MVPA	95% CI [lower, upper]	β	R²	R^2∆ ^MVPA	95% CI [lower, upper]	β	R²	R^2∆ ^MVPA	95% CI [lower, upper]	β	R²	R^2∆ ^MVPA	95% CI [lower, upper]	β	R²	R^2∆ ^MVPA	95% CI [lower, upper]
Q-risk	.41^**	.17		.03, .12	−.49^**	.18		−.14, −.04	−.26	.05		−.54, .04	.39^**	.15		.90, 4.02	.23	.04		−.29, 2.66
Model 2 ^MVPA	.44^**	.17	.00	.04, .15	−.48^**	.18	.00	−.14, −.04	---	---		--- ---	.38^**	.15	.00	.80, 4.08	---	---		--- ---
^aCRP	.06	.00		−.00, .00	−.04	.00		−.00, .00	−.02	.00		−.01, .01	.09	.01		−.03, .07	−.03	.00		−.04, .04
^aESR	.25	.05		.00, .00	−.25	.05		−.00, .00	−.20	.02		−.01, .00	.30^*	.07		.01, .10	−.02	.00		−.04, .04
Model 2 ^MVPA	---	---		--- ---	---	---		--- ---	---	---		--- ---	.27	.07	.02	−.00, .10	---	---		--- ---
Fibrinogen	.18	.03		−.00, .01	−.18	.03		−.01, .00	−.10	.01		−.03, .02	.26^*	.06		.00, .27	−.05	.00		−.14, .09
Model 2 ^MVPA	---	---		--- ---	---	---		--- ---	---	---		--- ---	.22	.09	.03	−.03, .25	---	---		--- ---
Total Cholesterol	.13	.02		−.00, .01	−.13	.01		−.01, .00	.03	.00		−.02, 02	−.01	.00		−.13, .13	.12	.01		−.06, .15
^aHDL-C	−.17	.03		.00, .00	.18	.02		.00, .00	.16	.02		−.00, .00	−.22	.04		−.01, .00	−.10	.01		−.01, .00
^aLDL-C	.16	.02		.00, .01	−.17	.02		−.00, .00	.01	.00		−.00, .00	.03	.00		−.01, .01	.13	.02		−.01, .02
^aTriglycerides	.12	.01		.00, .00	−.09	.01		−.00, .00	.13	.01		−.00, .00	.02	.00		−.01, .02	.13	.02		−.01, .02
Syst-BP	−.02	.00		−.08, .07	−.00	.00		−.08, .08	.12	.01		−.21, .54	−.04	.00		−2.62, 2.01	.01	.00		−2.05, 2.25
Diast-BP	−.13	.01		−.06, .02	.16	.02		−.02, .06	.10	.01		−.13, .27	−.03	.00		−1.38, 1.11	.06	.00		−.90, 1.40
^aPlasma Insulin	.11	.01		−.00, .00	−.07	.00		−.00, .00	.02	.00		−.01, .01	.15	.02		−.01, .05	−.14	.02		−.04, 01
^aPlasma glucose	.10	.01		.00, .00	−.12	.01		.00, .00	.13	.01		−.00, .00	.13	.02		−.01, .01	.18	.03		−.00, .01
^aHOMA	.12	.01		.00, .00	−.09	.01		−.00, .00	.05	.00		−.00, .01	.12	.01		−.01, .04	−.05	.00		−.02, .02
^aHAQ	.09	.01		−.00, .00	−.11	.01		−.00, .00	−.01	.00		−.01, .01	.07	.00		−.02, .04	−.02	.00		−.03, .02

Note: * p < .05, ** p ≤ .01. ^a indicates non-normally distributed data that has been log transformed for inclusion parametric statistical tests
Results are reported as per Model 1 adjusted for age, gender and accelerometer wear time, and current treatment as appropriate; i.e., Q-risk = cholesterol lowering medication; ESR, LDL-C and fibrinogen = hypertensive medication, functional disability = Anti-TNF therapy). In the case of Q-risk, models are only adjusted for accelerometer wear time and current treatment to prevent over-adjustment (i.e., age and gender are used to calculate composite Q-risk score)
R² represents the variance explained in the dependent variable (10-year CVD risk (Qrisk), individual CVD risk factor or HAQ) by the independent variable of interest (i.e., sedentary time, light physical activity, number of sedentary breaks/day, number of sedentary bouts/day and average time per sedentary bout)
Where initial regression models were significant, daily MVPA was included as a predictor in Model 2. Results are then presented to reflect associations between sedentary behaviour and LPA variables with outcome variables, after adjustment for MVPA (Model 2 ^MVPA). Model 2^MVPA R² represents the variance explained in the dependent variable (Q-risk, individual CVD risk factor or HAQ) by the independent variable of interest after adjustment for MVPA. R² change values (R^2∆ MVPA), represent the additional variance explained by MVPA for the specific dependent variable of interest (i.e., Q-risk, individual CVD risk factors or HAQ)”
LPA light physical activity, MVPA moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, Sbreaks sedentary breaks, Sbouts sedentary bouts, Qrisk Q-risk-score, CRP C-reactive protein, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Syst-BP systolic blood pressure, Diast-BP diastolic blood pressure, HOMA homeostatic model assessment, HAQ Health Assessment Questionnaire

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