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Table 3 Initial characteristics of the examined school bags of the pupils

From: The weight of pupils’ schoolbags in early school age and its influence on body posture

Sex (F/M)

 

Weight of school bags (kg)

Estimated weight of school bags (kg)

Percentage of predicted value (%)

Excess weight of school bags (kg)

Shoulder straps length difference

(cm)

X ± SD (Range)

Me

X ± SD (Range)

Me

X ± SD (Range)

Me

X ± SD (Range)

Me

X ± SD (Range)

Me

Female

(68)

 

5.9 ± 0.5 (4.7–7.8)

5.9

3.8 ± 0. 4 (3.1–5.9)

3.7

157.0 ± 20.1 (94.1–253.6)

155.1

2.1 ± 0.7 (0.1–4.7)

2.04

2.8 ± 2.1 (0–9)

2.1

Male

(87)

 

6.7 ± 0.9 (4.7–9.0)

6.8

4.06 ± 0.5 (3.2–5.9)

4.2

166.0 ± 24.8 (100.7–210.1)

167.2

2.6 ± 0.9

(0.1–4.6)

2.7

2.3 ± 1.8

(0–9)

3.0

P - values

Post-hoc

 

0.0001

0.0001

0.01

0.0001

0.0001

{1/2}

{2/1}

0.0001

0.0001

0.0001

0.0001

0.01

0.01

0.0001

0.0001

0.0001

0.0001

  1. Data are mean ± SD: Standard Deviation and Range; P-value according to ANOVA and Tukey post hoc
  2. Estimated weight of school bags - calculated weight of school bags based on the recommendation of the Minister of National Education for each pupil separately (maximum load for younger pupils equal to 15% of their body mass)
  3. Predicted value - calculated percentage of exceeded permissible weight of school bags of the pupils
  4. Abbreviations : F female, M male, Mean ± SD (standard deviations) followed by min and max