Table 2 Outcomes measures

 Race/ethnicity

Standard measures of race and ethnicity

X

 Pain intensity/interference

Brief pain intensity and interference scale (PEG)

X

 Ability to walk a block

Single-item screening question

X

 Cognitive screener

Callahan Measure

X

 Anticipated back, knee or hip or other major surgery in next 12 mo.

Single-item question

X

 Disease-specific functioning

Revised Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMD)

X

X

X

 Pain intensity/interference

Brief pain intensity and interference scale (PEG)

X

X

X

 Emotional functioning

Personal Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ-8)

X

X

X

 Emotional functioning

Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 item (GAD-7)

X

X

X

 Overall improvement

Patient Global Impression of Change scale

X

X

 Average daily total steps

Pedometer data recorded over past 7 days on patient logs

X

X

X

 Use of opioid analgesics

Prescription records from Electronic Medical Records

X

X

X

 Use of opioid analgesics

Survey items

X

X

X

 Perceived satisfaction with pain care

Single item assessing how patients rate their quality of pain care in VA over past 6 months

X

X

 Exercise self-efficacy

Exercise Regularly Scale

X

X

X

 Pain management self-efficacy

Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire-8 item version (PSEQ-8).

X

X

X

 Pain-related fear avoidance

Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) Scale 1: Fear-avoidance beliefs about physical activity

X

X

X

 Social support

Social Support for Exercise: Marcus Social Support Questions

X

 Relationship Stress

Life Stressors Inventory (LISRES-A)

X

 Neighborhood walkability

Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS)

X

 Experiences of discrimination

Perceived Discrimination in Healthcare

X

 Mistrust of medical care

Evaluation of VA Care scale

X

 Sociodemographic factors

Standard measures of education, income, employment status, disability status

X

 Health-related factors

BMI, use of walking aid, claim status,

X