Table 2 Comparison of fracture characteristics and healthcare resource utilization between groups (follow-up period; overall study group)
Unadjusted | Matched | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | All (N = 15,559) | T2DM (N = 7580) | Non-DM (N = 7979) | P value | All (N = 6546) | T2DM (N = 3273) | Non-DM (N = 3273) | P value |
Fractures | ||||||||
Patients with clinical fracturesa, n (%) | 1882 (12.1) | 1029 (13.6) | 853 (10.7) | <0.001 | 738 (11.3) | 415 (12.7) | 323 (9.9) | <0.001 |
Number of days to first fracture, mean (SD) | 442.8 (259.0) | 443.4 (257.7) | 442.2 (260.6) | <0.0001b | 454.5 (261.8) | 455.5 (259.2) | 453.3 (265.5) | 0.0003b |
Patients with non-vertebral fractures, n (%) | 1454 (9.3) | 817 (10.8) | 637 (8.0) | <0.001 | 565 (8.6) | 329 (10.1) | 236 (7.2) | <0.001 |
Resource utilization | ||||||||
BMD test, n (%) | 6633 (42.6) | 2739 (36.1) | 3894 (48.8) | <0.001 | 2726 (41.6) | 1271 (38.8) | 1455 (44.5) | <0.001 |
Bone formation test, n (%) | 768 (4.9) | 384 (5.1) | 384 (4.8) | 0.466 | 279 (4.3) | 135 (4.1) | 144 (4.4) | 0.582 |
Bone resorption test, n (%) | 1535 (9.9) | 634 (8.4) | 901 (11.3) | <0.001 | 609 (9.3) | 278 (8.5) | 331 (10.1) | 0.024 |
Osteoporosis-related testsc (post-baseline), n (%) | 11,454 (73.6) | 5594 (73.8) | 5860 (73.4) | 0.614 | 4748 (72.5) | 2430 (74.2) | 2318 (70.8) | 0.002 |
Osteoporosis-related testsc (post-baseline), mean per patient (SD) | 2.873 (3.198) | 2.994 (3.369) | 2.758 (3.022) | <0.001 | 2.719 (3.057) | 2.86 (3.118) | 2.578 (2.989) | <0.001 |
Hospital admissions, n (%) | 4799 (30.8) | 2980 (39.3) | 1819 (22.8) | <0.001 | 1941 (29.7) | 1177 (36.0) | 764 (23.3) | <0.001 |
Hospital admissions, mean per patient (SD) | 0.585 (1.451) | 0.776 (1.646) | 0.405 (1.212) | <0.001 | 0.515 (1.46) | 0.635 (1.687) | 0.395 (1.179) | <0.001 |
Days in hospital, mean (SD) | 11.58 (36.23) | 16.02 (44.22) | 7.366 (25.8) | <0.001 | 9.622 (30.03) | 12.33 (34.71) | 6.914 (24.16) | <0.001 |
Outpatient visits, n (%) | 15,511 (99.7) | 7561 (99.7) | 7950 (99.6) | 0.205 | 6529 (99.7) | 3270 (99.9) | 3259 (99.6) | 0.008 |
Outpatient visits, mean per patient (SD) | 39.52 (54.6) | 46.84 (58.98) | 32.56 (49.09) | <0.001 | 36.26 (45.97) | 40.06 (45.13) | 32.45 (46.5) | <0.001 |
Laboratory tests, n (%) | 3010 (19.3) | 1645 (21.7) | 1365 (17.1) | <0.001 | 1338 (20.4) | 762 (23.3) | 576 (17.6) | <0.001 |
Laboratory tests, mean per patient (SD) | 52.11 (182.8) | 68.84 (215.1) | 36.21 (144) | <0.001 | 47.56 (157.9) | 57.57 (167.1) | 37.54 (147.5) | <0.001 |
Total cost in JPY, mean (SD) | 1,130,000 (2,390,000) | 1,490,000 (2,750,000) | 782,000 (1,940,000) | <0.001 | 912,000 (1,860,000) | 1,080,000 (1,930,000) | 743,000 (1,770,000) | <0.001 |
Total cost in JPY, median | 322,000 | 517,000 | 209,000 | 295,000 | 401,000 | 219,000 | <0.001d | |