Table 4 Clinical factors associated with neuropathic pain according to univariate analysis^a (n = 77)

Age (y)

70.3 ± 8.9 (58–88)

65.5 ± 8.1 (46–83)

0.117

Sex (male/female)^b

3 (25.0)/9 (75.0)

38 (58.5)/27 (41.5)

0.034*

History of trauma^b

5 (41.7)

30 (46.2)

0.776

Duration of symptoms (months)

11.3 ± 16.5 (1–60)

9.7 ± 13.5 (1–60)

0.439

 Pain at the initial visit (points)

6.5 ± 2.1 (3–9)

4.6 ± 3.0 (0–10)

0.051

 Most severe pain during the past 4 weeks (points)

8.2 ± 1.9 (5–10)

6.8 ± 3.0 (0–10)

0.161

 Average pain during the past 4 weeks (points)

6.8 ± 1.2 (5–9)

4.8 ± 2.6 (0–10)

0.013*

Positive Neer and/or Hawkins impingement tests^b

12 (100)

47 (71.2)

0.039*

Positive supraspinatus test^b

11 (91.7)

51 (78.5)

0.292

Positive infraspinatus test^b

3 (25.0)

14 (21.5)

0.792

Positive lift-off and/or belly-press tests^b

2 (16.7)

9 (13.8)

0.562

Hydrarthrosis^b

8 (66.7)

39 (60.0)

0.666

  articular-sided

2 (16.7)

2 (3.1)

0.053

  bursal-sided

3 (25.0)

6 (9.2)

0.121

  intratendinous

1 (8.3)

5 (7.7)

0.934

  Small (< 1 cm)

0 (0)

9 (13.8)

0.173

  Medium (≥ 1 cm, < 3 cm)

3 (25.0)

27 (41.5)

0.284

  Large (≥ 3 cm, < 5 cm)

3 (25.0)

10 (15.4)

0.417

  Massive (≥ 5 cm)

0 (0)

6 (9.2)

0.276

 Supraspinatus

12 (100)

64 (98.5)

0.667

 Infraspinatus

4 (33.3)

21 (32.3)

0.945

 Subscapularis

3 (25.0)

14 (21.5)

0.792