Table 3 Variables associated with the type of first healthcare provider in the multivariable logistic regression
DC vs MD | PT vs MD | PT vs DC | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 5337) | (n = 4721) | (n = 800) | |||||||
OR | 95 % CI | P-value | OR | 95 % CI | P-value | OR | 95 % CI | P-value | |
Predisposing characteristics | |||||||||
Demographic: | |||||||||
Sex (male) | − | − | − | 0.78 | (0.57 to 1.07) | 0.130 | 0.71 | (0.49 to 1.04) | 0.080 |
Age (10 years) | 0.94 | (0.85 to 1.03) | 0.157 | 1.19 | (1.03 to 1.38) | 0.019 | 1.28 | (1.07 to 1.54) | 0.008 |
Workplace: | |||||||||
Job tenure (years) | 1.02 | (1.01 to 1.03) | 0.004 | − | − | − | 0.98 | (0.96 to 1.01) | 0.229 |
Physical demands | |||||||||
Manual | Reference | − | − | − | reference | ||||
Non-manual | 1.23 | (0.95 to 1.61) | 0.115 | − | − | − | 0.80 | (0.46 to 1.37) | 0.412 |
Mixed-manual | 1.35 | (1.10 to 1.65) | 0.004 | − | − | − | 0.63 | (0.40 to 0.99) | 0.044 |
Early return to work program (yes) | 0.77 | (0.61 to 0.98) | 0.035 | − | − | − | − | − | − |
Enabling resources | |||||||||
Financial: | |||||||||
Gross personal income per year ($10,000) | 1.06 | (1.01 to 1.12) | 0.018 | 1.06 | (0.97 to 1.16) | 0.205 | − | − | − |
Organizational: | |||||||||
Community size (inhabitants) | |||||||||
1,500,000+ | 0.66 | (0.50 to 0.86) | 0.002 | 1.50 | (0.88 to 2.55) | 0.142 | 2.58 | (1.42 to 4.67) | 0.002 |
500,000–1,499,999 | 0.58 | (0.41 to 0.82) | 0.002 | 1.10 | (0.57 to 2.10) | 0.787 | 1.98 | (0.95 to 4.12) | 0.069 |
100,000–499,999 | 0.88 | (0.67 to 1.14) | 0.332 | 1.03 | (0.63 to 1.68) | 0.912 | 1.26 | (0.68 to 2.33) | 0.472 |
10,000–99,999 | 1.09 | (0.78 to 1.51) | 0.621 | 1.22 | (0.70 to 2.13) | 0.575 | 1.23 | (0.58 to 2.61) | 0.597 |
Less than 10,000 | reference | reference | reference | ||||||
Needs | |||||||||
Previous similar injury (yes) | 1.60 | (1.34 to 1.90) | <0.001 | 1.71 | (1.25 to 2.33) | 0.001 | − | − | − |
Any task limitations (yes) | 1.18 | (0.95 to 1.48) | 0.135 | − | − | − | − | − | − |
Nature of injury (more severe) | 1.39 | (0.99 to 1.96) | 0.054 | 2.03 | (1.21 to 3.41) | 0.010 | 1.49 | (0.80 to 2.78) | 0.205 |
Part of body | |||||||||
Upper back pain | reference | − | − | − | − | − | − | ||
Low back pain | 1.01 | (0.75 to 1.38) | 0.928 | − | − | − | − | − | − |
Multiple regions | 1.19 | (0.76 to 1.86) | 0.447 | − | − | − | − | − | − |
Back pain (unspecified upper or low) | 0.60 | (0.31 to 1.16) | 0.127 | − | − | − | − | − | − |
Constant | 0.12 | (0.07 to 0.20) | <0.001 | 0.01 | (0.01 to 0.02) | <0.001 | 0.10 | (0.04 to 0.23) | <0.001 |
Area under the ROC curve | 0.62 | (0.60 to 0.65) | <0.001 | 0.63 | (0.59 to 0.67) | <0.001 | 0.64 | (0.60 to 0.69) | <0.001 |