Table 2 Sex/Gender differences in the ESPA subgroup referred for surgical consultation (N = 169)

Age

54 (10)

53 (10)

ttest = 0.58, p = 0.56

Referral pattern

38 (22 %)

131 (78 %)

χ² = 51.17, p < 0.0001

Phi coefficient = 0.55

95 % CI = 0.46–0.64

Effect size = Large

Wait time to assessment (months)

2.83 (0.98)

2.46 (0.80)

ttest = 1.04, p = 0.30

 • Right

 • Left

21

17

84

47

χ² = 0.98, p = 0.32

 • Repetitive activities

 • Fall

 • Traumatic

 • Push/pull

5 (13 %)

54 (12 %)

3 (8 %)

13 (34 %)

7 (5 %)

100 (18 %)

16 (12 %)

50 (38 %)

χ² = 2.70, p = 0.10

χ² = 0.11, p = 0.73

χ² = 0.55, p = 0.46

χ² = 0.20, p = 0.66

 • Non-narcotic analgesics

 • Anti-inflammatory

 • Muscle relaxants

20 (53 %)

(58 %)

0 (0 %)

57(44 %)

237(42 %)

3(2 %)

χ² = 0.98, p = 0.32

χ² = 0.01, p = 0.92

FET = 0.46, p = 1.80

 • FTRCT

 • PTRCT

 • Impingement syndrome

 • Biceps pathology

 • Labral pathology

 • Instability

15 (39 %)

13 (34 %)

9 (24 %)

14 (37 %)

0 (0 %)

3 (2 %)

66 (50 %)

30 (23 %)

19 (15 %)

49 (37 %)

4 (40 %)

5 (3 %)

χ² = 1.40, p = 0.24

χ² = 1.98, p = 0.16

χ² = 1.79, p = 0.18

χ² = 0.004, p = 0.94

FET = 1.18, p = 0.28

FET = 0.18, p = 0.38