Table 1 Sex/Gender differences in the ESPA group (N = 1000)

Age

49 (11)

49 (11)

ttest = 0.65, p = 0.51

Referral pattern

443 (44 %)

557 (56 %)

χ² = 12.99, p = 0.0003

Phi coefficient = 0.11

95 % CI = 0.07-0.16

Effect size = Small

Wait time to assessment (months)

2.68 (0.98)

2.63 (0.80)

ttest = 0.84, p = 0.40

 • Right

 • Left

 • Bilateral

269 (61 %)

162 (37 %)

12 (3 %)

321 (58 %)

225 (40 %)

11 (2 %)

χ² = 1.9, p = 0.38

 • Repetitive activities

 • Fall

 • Traumatic

 • Push/pull

69 (16 %)

54 (12 %)

47 (11 %)

175 (40 %)

58 (10 %)

100 (18 %)

53 (10 %)

237 (43 %)

χ² = 5.93, p = 0.01

χ² = 6.29, p = 0.01

χ² = 0.32, p = 0.57

χ² = 0.94, p = 0.33

 • Non-narcotic analgesics

 • Anti-inflammatory

 • Muscle relaxants

213 (48 %)

258 (58 %)

42 (9 %)

229 (41 %)

237 (42 %)

19 (3 %)

χ² = 4.85, p = 0.03

χ² = 24.29, p < 0.0001

χ² = 15.87, p < 0.0001

 • FTRCT

 • PTRCT

 • Impingement syndrome

 • Biceps pathology

 • Adhesive capsulitis

 • Labral pathology

 • Instability

28 (6 %)

95 (21 %)

231 (52 %)

172 (39 %)

35 (8 %)

0 (0 %)

8 (2 %)

93 (17 %)

128 (23 %)

289 (52 %)

220 (39 %)

43 (8 %)

10 (2 %)

14 (3 %)

χ² = 24.97, p < 0.0001

RR = 0.38^a, 0.25–0.57

χ² = 0.34, p = 0.56

χ² = 0.006, p = 0.93

χ² = 0.05, p = 0.82

χ² = 0.02, p = 0.91

FET = 0.01, p = 0.01

χ² = 0.57, p = 0.45