Table 1 Sex/Gender differences in the ESPA group (N = 1000)
| Variables (Mean, SD)/(N/%) | Women (%) | Men (%) | Statistics P values |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 49 (11) | 49 (11) | ttest = 0.65, p = 0.51 |
| Referral pattern | 443 (44 %) | 557 (56 %) |
χ2 = 12.99, p = 0.0003 Phi coefficient = 0.11 95 % CI = 0.07-0.16 Effect size = Small |
| Wait time to assessment (months) | 2.68 (0.98) | 2.63 (0.80) | ttest = 0.84, p = 0.40 |
| Affected Side | |||
|
• Right • Left • Bilateral |
269 (61 %) 162 (37 %) 12 (3 %) |
321 (58 %) 225 (40 %) 11 (2 %) | χ2 = 1.9, p = 0.38 |
| Mechanism of injury | |||
|
• Repetitive activities • Fall • Traumatic • Push/pull |
69 (16 %) 54 (12 %) 47 (11 %) 175 (40 %) |
58 (10 %) 100 (18 %) 53 (10 %) 237 (43 %) |
χ2 = 5.93, p = 0.01 χ2 = 6.29, p = 0.01 χ2 = 0.32, p = 0.57 χ2 = 0.94, p = 0.33 |
| Medication use | |||
|
• Non-narcotic analgesics • Anti-inflammatory • Muscle relaxants |
213 (48 %) 258 (58 %) 42 (9 %) |
229 (41 %) 237 (42 %) 19 (3 %) |
χ2 = 4.85, p = 0.03 χ2 = 24.29, p < 0.0001 χ2 = 15.87, p < 0.0001 |
| Type of pathology | |||
|
• FTRCT • PTRCT • Impingement syndrome • Biceps pathology • Adhesive capsulitis • Labral pathology • Instability |
28 (6 %) 95 (21 %) 231 (52 %) 172 (39 %) 35 (8 %) 0 (0 %) 8 (2 %) |
93 (17 %) 128 (23 %) 289 (52 %) 220 (39 %) 43 (8 %) 10 (2 %) 14 (3 %) |
χ2 = 24.97, p < 0.0001 RR = 0.38a, 0.25–0.57 χ2 = 0.34, p = 0.56 χ2 = 0.006, p = 0.93 χ2 = 0.05, p = 0.82 χ2 = 0.02, p = 0.91 FET = 0.01, p = 0.01 χ2 = 0.57, p = 0.45 |
