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Trauma
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Have you experienced any trauma related to your pain?
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Severe diagnosis
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Have you had cancer or any other severe diagnosis?
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Severe spinal pathology
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Have you experienced radiating leg pain?
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Patterns or symptoms not related to mechanical pain
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How is your health in general?
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Numbness and paresthesia in the perianal region
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Have you had any bowel and bladder disorders?
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Difficulty with micturition
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Weakness or numbness in the legs related to back pain
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Have you felt any weakness or numbness in your legs?
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Definition of yellow flags
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Examples of PTs’ questions to assess yellow flags
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Beliefs, appraisal, and judgments
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Unhelpful beliefs about pain
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What are your thoughts about the pain?
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Expectations of poor treatment outcome
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What are your thoughts about recovery?
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What do you think about your capability to work?
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Which factors do you think affect your pain?
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Emotional responses
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Distress not meeting the criteria for diagnosis of mental disorder
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Are you worried about your pain?
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How does the pain affect your mood?
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Worry, fears and anxiety
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Are you distressed about the pain?
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Are you avoiding doing any activities due to pain?
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Pain behavior and coping strategies
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Avoidance of activities due to expectations of pain and possible re-injury
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Do you avoid activities due to pain?
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What are you doing when having pain?
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Over-reliance on passive treatments
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What are your thoughts about pain relief?
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What activities are difficult for you due to pain?
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