|
Treatment in RCT
|
|
Standard treatment
|
11 (29.7 %)
|
77 (26.6 %)
| |
|
Standard treatment + Acupuncture
|
14 (37.8 %)
|
129 (44.5 %)
| |
|
Standard treatment + Specific stabilising exercises
|
4 (10.8 %)
|
56 (19.3 %)
| |
|
Standard treatment + Craniosacral therapy
|
8 (21.6 %)
|
28 (9.7 %)
|
0.11
|
|
Age, years
|
30.0 (23.0; 39.0)
|
31.0 (20.0; 43.0)
|
0.40
|
|
n = 37
|
n = 289
|
|
BMI before pregnancy
|
22.6 (19.7; 34.2)
|
23.2 (18.0; 38.4)
|
0.99
|
|
n = 23
|
n = 115
|
|
Age at menarche, years
|
13.0 (10.0; 15.0)
|
13.0 (9.0; 16.0)
|
0.63
|
|
n = 32
|
n = 248
|
|
Previous LBP
|
24 (64.9 %)
|
127 (44.7 %)
|
0.032
|
|
Women on sick-leave due to PGP
|
13 (35.1 %)
|
143 (50.0 %)
|
0.13
|
|
Severity of PGP
|
|
No complaints, PGP do not affect ability to work
|
1 (2.7 %)
|
5 (1.8 %)
| |
|
Moderate complaints, PGP only affect ability to work sporadically
|
5 (13.5 %)
|
67 (23.8 %)
| |
|
Not insignificant, cannot do some parts of my work
|
15 (40.5 %)
|
90 (32.0 %)
| |
|
Severe, can almost not work
|
12 (32.4 %)
|
79 (28.1 %)
| |
|
Severe, cannot work at all
|
4 (10.8 %)
|
40 (14.2 %)
|
0.80
|
|
Tests for assessment of PGP before inclusion in the RCT
|
|
Pain provocation tests
|
|
P4 test
|
37 (100.0 %)
|
283 (97.6 %)
|
0.86
|
|
Symphysis pressure test
|
22 (59.5 %)
|
121 (42.2 %)
|
0.070
|
|
Patrick Faber test
|
27 (73.0 %)
|
159 (54.8 %)
|
0.051
|
|
Modified Trendelenburg test
|
22 (59.5 %)
|
116 (40.0 %)
|
0.039
|
|
Number of bilateral positive pain provocation tests
|
|
0
|
0 (0.0 %)
|
3 (1.0 %)
| |
|
1
|
6 (16.2 %)
|
58 (20.0 %)
| |
|
2
|
6 (16.2 %)
|
107 (36.9 %)
| |
|
3
|
10 (27.0 %)
|
81 (27.9 %)
| |
|
4
|
15 (40.5 %)
|
41 (14.1 %)
|
0.0013
|
|
Functional test
| | | |
|
ASLR test (sum of scores)
|
3.00 (0.00; 8.00)
|
3.00 (0.00; 10.00)
|
0.35
|
|
n = 23
|
n = 116
|
|
Subgroups of pelvic girdle pain
| | | |
|
Solely symphysiolysis
|
0 (0.0 %)
|
5 (1.7 %)
|
1.00
|
|
One sided sacroiliac pain
|
3 (8.1 %)
|
37 (12.8 %)
|
0.61
|
|
One sided sacroiliac pain + symphyseal pain
|
6 (16.2 %)
|
39 (13.4 %)
|
0.80
|
|
Double sided sacroiliac pain
|
12 (32.4 %)
|
118 (40.7 %)
|
0.43
|
|
Pelvic girdle syndrome
|
16 (43.2 %)
|
91 (31.4 %)
|
0.21
|
|
Pain related to motion
|
|
In the morning, VAS
|
31.0 (8.0; 92.0)
|
26.5 (0.0; 96.0
|
0.089
|
|
In the evening, VAS
|
62.0 (5.0; 93.0)
|
62.8 (6.0; 100.0)
|
0.30
|
|
n = 37
|
n = 288
|
|
Unpleasantness of PGP, VAS
|
63.0 (20.0; 100.0)
|
73.0 (0.0; 100.0)
|
0.068
|
|
n = 30
|
n = 200
|
|
DRI
|
50.0 (23.0; 100.0)
|
59.0 (11.0; 100.0)
|
0.11
|
|
n = 37
|
n = 279
|
|
EQ-VAS
|
40.0 (25.0; 100.0)
|
50.0 (20.0; 99.0)
|
0.37
|
|
n = 23
|
n = 113
|
|
EQ-5D score
|
0.620 (-0.016; 0.760)
|
0.620 (-0.074; 0.796)
|
0.23
|
|
n = 23
|
n = 112
|
|
Education level
| | | |
|
Primary school
|
0 (0.0 %)
|
5 (2.0 %)
| |
|
Secondary school
|
11 (33.3 %)
|
64 (25.3 %)
| |
|
College
|
5 (15.2 %)
|
21 (8.3 %)
| |
|
University degree
|
17 (51.5 %)
|
163 (64.4 %)
|
0.37
|
|
No or rare ability to take rest breaks at work
|
4 (13.8 %)
|
68 (29.8 %)
|
0.18
|
|
Physical activity ≥30 minutes during leisure before pregnancy, days/week
|
|
0
|
3 (9.1 %)
|
8 (3.2 %)
| |
|
1
|
1 (3.0 %)
|
20 (7.9 %)
| |
|
2
|
3 (9.1 %)
|
43 (17.1 %)
| |
|
3
|
7 (21.2 %)
|
57 (22.6 %)
| |
|
4
|
5 (15.2 %)
|
31 (12.3 %)
| |
|
5
|
3 (9.1 %)
|
37 (14.7 %)
| |
|
6
|
2 (6.1 %)
|
13 (5.2 %)
| |
|
7
|
9 (27.3 %)
|
43 (17.1 %)
|
0.35
|
