Fig. 2

Study design schematic. a The construct with the cell density gradient and the construct with the homogeneous cell distribution were fabricated from bottom to top. b The constructs were cultured in a 24-well plate. c Three cell seeding density groups (2 × 10⁷, 1 × 10⁷, and 0.5 × 10⁷ cell/mL) were created. Constructs cultured in vitro were harvested at 0, 1, 2, and 3 weeks for biochemical assays, a live/dead assay, RT-qPCR and histological analysis