Table 1 Demographics and baseline characteristics
Characteristic | N (%) |
|---|---|
Age, years, mean ± SD (range) | 63 ± 8.77 (50–88) |
Female | 164 (82) |
BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 31.0 ± 6.42 |
Ethnicity | |
Caucasian | 193 (96) |
African/Caribbean | 5 (3) |
Asian | 3 (1) |
Smoking status | |
Current smoker | 16 (8) |
Previous smoker | 81 (40) |
Pack years, mean (range) | 20 (1–75) |
Alcohol consumption | |
Units per week, mean (range) | 4 (0–38) |
Employment history | |
Employed | 49 (24) |
Self-employed | 14 (7) |
Retired | 110 (55) |
Unemployed | 28 (14) |
Job activity (current or previous) | |
Heavy manual | 94/192 (49) |
Repetitive use of hands | 21/192 (11) |
Prolonged key boarding or typing | 46/192 (24) |
Prolonged standing | 26/192 (14) |
Median number of painful joints (IQR) | |
Overall in all participants | 6 (4–9) |
Current/previous smokers | 7 (5–9) |
Never smoked | 6 (4–8) |
Heavy manual job | 7 (4–9) |
Repetitive use of hands | 7 (6–10) |
Prolonged keyboarding/typing | 6 (5–8) |
Prolonged standing | 6 (5–8) |
Comorbidities | |
Cardiovascular disease (including hypertension, ischaemic heart disease) | 94 (47) |
Pulmonary condition (including asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis) | 44 (22) |
Gastro-intestinal disease (including gastro-oesophageal reflux, peptic ulcer) | 108 (54) |
Diabetes | 20 (10) |
Depression | 63 (31) |
Medical history | |
Joint replacement or fusion | 57 (28) |
Joint related soft tissue repair | 53 (26) |
Non-orthopaedic surgery | 160 (80) |
Family history of OA | 135 (67) |