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Table 3 Gender comparison of differences in musculoskeletal discomfort due to variations in different parameters

From: Differences in musculoskeletal health due to gender in a rural multiethnic cohort: a Project FRONTIER study

 

Male

Female

Parameters

Estimated differencea, b

p value*

Estimated differencea, b

p value**

Race

    

 Non-Hispanic white vs. Hispanic

–0.0396a

0.8634

0.3542a

0.0286

 Others vs. Hispanic

–0.5542a

0.1379

0.5496a

0.0188

Age (years)

0.0041/yrb

0.5748

0.0122/yrb

0.0254

BMI

    

 Underweight vs. Normal

---

---

–1.4221

0.0596

 Overweight vs. Normal

0.0165

0.9400

0.1642

0.2844

 Obese vs. Normal

–0.2487

0.4159

0.1838

0.3354

Waist circumference (cm)

0.0248/cmb

0.0052

0.007/cmb

0.1360

Body fat (%)

–0.0100/(% body fat)b

0.4675

0.0009/%b

0.9359

Income ($10 K increment)

–0.0143/$10Kb

0.7162

–0.0367/$10Kb

0.1876

Education (years)

–0.0237/yrb

0.2348

0.0197/yrb

0.2287

Employed

    

 Yes vs. No

0.0354

0.8289

0.1823

0.1006

Chronic health problemsc

    

 Yes vs. No

0.276

0.0836

0.3377

0.0038

General healthd

    

 Fair or poor health vs. Good or better health

0.4054

0.0069

0.5678

<.0001

Arthritis

    

 Yes vs. No

0.6651

0.0011

0.5267

<.0001

CRP (mg/dL)

–0.0238/(mg/dL)b

0.2825

0.0004/(mg/dL)b

0.9721

Glucose (mg/dL)

0.0005/(mg/dL)b

0.7734

–0.0009/(mg/dL)b

0.3888

HbA1c (%)

0.0084/%b

0.8662

–0.0411/%b

0.2931

Uric acid (mg/dL)

–0.0421/(mg/dL)b

0.4885

–0.0010/(mg/dL)b

0.9817

LDL (mg/dL)

–0.0015/(mg/dL)b

0.4046

–0.0023/(mg/dL)b

0.0884

vLDL (mg/dL)

–0.0026/(mg/dL)b

0.3602

0.0003/(mg/dL)b

0.9161

  1. BMI body mass index, CRP C-reactive protein, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, LDL low density lipoprotein, vLDL very low density lipoprotein
  2. aLogarithmic (ln) value of difference in musculoskeletal discomfort due to the change in a categorical variable
  3. bLogarithmic (ln) value of difference in musculoskeletal discomfort per unit change of a continuous variable
  4. cParticipants with at least one of the chronic health problems of diabetes, pulmonary disease, and heart disease are defined as having chronic health problems
  5. dBased on questionnaire survey, patients who had “Excellent”, “Very good” or “Good” general health were defined as having “good or better health” condition, and those who had “Fair” or “Poor” general health were defined as having “fair or poor health” condition
  6. *n = 167; from multivariable analysis; adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic factors; critical value is 0.025
  7. **n = 367; from multivariable analysis; adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic factors; critical value is 0.025