Table 2 Differences in neuromuscular performance
| Â | Chronic pain | Pain-free Control | Between group difference | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Muscular function | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Hand strength (N) | 124 (112 to 136) | 173 (161 to 184) | −48 (−66 to −31) | <.0001 |
Shoulder strength (N) | 83 (75 to 90) | 115 (100 to 131) | −33 (−48 to −18) | 0.0003 |
Hand extension RFD | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 0–30 (N/s) | 128 (85 to 171) | 489 (389 to 589) | −361 (−454 to −269) | <.0001 |
 0–50 (N/s) | 154 (101 to 206) | 599 (485 to 713) | −446 (−554 to −337) | <.0001 |
 0–100 (N/s) | 187 (128 to 146) | 695 (581 to 808) | −507 (−621 to −394) | <.0001 |
 0–200 (N/s) | 201 (151 to 252) | 576 (500 to 651) | −374 (−460 to −288) | <.0001 |
Shoulder rotation RFD | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 0–30 (N/s) | 82 (55 to 110) | 325 (193 to 458) | −243 (−343 to −143) | 0.001 |
 0–50 (N/s) | 94 (62 to 125) | 368 (227 to 509) | −274 (−382 to −167) | 0.0006 |
 0–100 (N/s) | 119 (82 to 157) | 393 (27 to 51) | −273 (−372 to −174) | 0.0001 |
 0–200 (N/s) | 129 (95 to 163) | 312 (232 to 393) | −183 (−256 to −110) | 0.0001 |
Hand extension RER | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 0–30 (mV/s) | 155 (113 to 197) | 343 (295 to 392) | −188 (−252 to −124) | <.0001 |
 0–50 (mV/s) | 141 (107 to 176) | 309 (273 to 345) | −168 (−218 to −117) | <.0001 |
 0–100 (mV/s) | 132 (106 to 158) | 267 (247 to 288) | −135 (−171 to −100) | <.0001 |
 0–200 (mV/s) | 117 (98 to 136) | 212 (198 to 226) | −95 (−121 to −70) | <.0001 |
Shoulder rotation RER | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 0–30 (mV/s) | 137 (101 to 172) | 271 (223 to 320) | −135 (−193 to −77) | <.0001 |
 0–50 (mV/s) | 127 (94 to 160) | 255 (215 to 296) | −128 (−180 to −77) | <.0001 |
 0–100 (mV/s) | 122 (95 to 149) | 218 (195 to 243) | −96 (−134 to −59) | <.0001 |
 0–200 (mV/s) | 116 (95 to 136) | 182 (167 to 197) | −66 (−93 to −39) | <.0001 |