|
Variables
|
Total sample
|
Education level
|
P value
|
|---|
|
Primary school
|
Junior high school
|
Senior high school
|
College
|
|---|
|
Demographic information
| | | | | | |
|
N
|
1092
|
112
|
366
|
315
|
299
|
-
|
|
Age
|
64.11 ± 9.77
|
71.1 ± 7.91
|
62.31 ± 10.22
|
62.15 ± 10.51
|
65.77 ± 7.27
|
<0.001
|
|
Height
|
168.16 ± 5.61
|
164.67 ± 5.65
|
168.72 ± 4.15
|
169.33 ± 6.99
|
169.17 ± 6.34
|
0.030
|
|
Weight
|
67.96 ± 11.94
|
65.09 ± 10.25
|
69.24 ± 13.89
|
67.87 ± 9.26
|
66.75 ± 10.82
|
0.654
|
|
Lifestyle
| | | | | | |
|
Smoking
|
397(36.39 %)
|
41(36.61 %)
|
159(43.56 %)
|
127(40.32 %)
|
70(23.41 %)
|
<0.001
|
|
Alcohol intake
|
333(30.58 %)
|
38(34.23 %)
|
126(34.52 %)
|
93(29.62 %)
|
76(25.42 %)
|
0.064
|
|
Excise
|
705(64.56 %)
|
64(57.14 %)
|
213(58.2 %)
|
200(63.49 %)
|
228(76.25 %)
|
<0.001
|
|
Medical history
| | | | | | |
|
HTN
|
494(45.78 %)
|
56(50.45 %)
|
157(43.13 %)
|
144(46.45 %)
|
137(46.6 %)
|
0.544
|
|
CAD
|
108(10.29 %)
|
11(10 %)
|
30(8.5 %)
|
37(12.21 %)
|
30(10.56 %)
|
0.480
|
|
DM
|
104(9.73 %)
|
12(10.81 %)
|
32(8.91 %)
|
24(7.84 %)
|
36(12.29 %)
|
0.279
|
|
RA
|
37(3.43 %)
|
5(4.5 %)
|
9(2.48 %)
|
11(3.54 %)
|
12(4.1 %)
|
0.620
|
|
Therapy history
| | | | | | |
|
Vitamin C
|
115(10.53 %)
|
5(4.46 %)
|
22(6.01 %)
|
33(10.48 %)
|
55(18.39 %)
|
<0.001
|
|
Vitamin D
|
29(2.66 %)
|
0(0 %)
|
4(1.09 %)
|
7(2.22 %)
|
18(6.02 %)
|
<0.001
|
|
Outcomes
| | | | | | |
|
T-score
|
−1.23 ± 0.91
|
−1.42 ± 1.06
|
−1.3 ± 0.86
|
−1.21 ± 0.85
|
−1.08 ± 0.95
|
0.002
|
|
OP
|
96(8.79 %)
|
20(17.86 %)
|
29(7.92 %)
|
20(6.35 %)
|
27(9.03 %)
|
0.003
|
- Note: HTN hypertension, CAD coronary artery disease, DM diabetes mellitus, RA Rheumatoid arthritis, OP Osteoporosis
