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Table 4 Univariate linear regression analyses of demographic and clinical variables

From: Back pain was less explained than leg pain: a cross-sectional study using magnetic resonance imaging in low back pain patients with and without radiculopathy

 

Back + leg pain (0–60) (N = 134)

Back pain (0–30)

Leg pain (0–30)

(N = 135)

(N = 137)

Baseline demographic and clinical variables

β

(95 % CI)

p

β

(95 % CI)

p

β

(95 % CI)

p

Sex , ref. female

−0.25

(−4.35, 3.86)

0.906

−2.01

(−4.21, 0.19)

0.073

1.72

(−1.08, 4.53)

0.226

Age, pr. y, ref. 18 y

−0.06

(−0.25, 0.14)

0.576

−1.35

(−0.24, −0.03)

0.011

0.08

(−0.06, 0.21)

0.252

BMI, pr. unit, ref. 18.4

0.17

(−0.28, 0.62)

0.449

0.22

(−0.01, 0.46)

0.062

−0.01

(−0.32, 0.30)

0.947

Radiculopathy, ref. noa

6.52

(2.20, 10.8)

0.003

−1.21

(−3.54, 1.11)

0.302

7.95

(5.22, 10.7)

<0.001

Disability, pr. unit, ref. 5a

1.50

(1.02, 1.98)

<0.001

0.57

(0.30, 0.84)

<0.001

0.93

(0.59, 1.27)

<0.001

Duration of pain

  

0.080*

  

0.029*

  

0.083*

  ≤ 3 mo

ref.

  

ref.

  

ref.

  

 3-6 mo

2.30

(−2.51, 7.10)

0.346

2.55

(0.07, 5.02)

0.044

0.18

(−3.12, 3.48)

0.914

 7-12 mo

10.9

(2.38, 19.3)

0.012

5.24

(0.86, 9.62)

0.019

6.06

(0.21, 11.9)

0.043

  > 12 mo

0.19

(−6.32, 6.70)

0.954

3.32

(−0.03, 6.68)

0.052

−2.69

(−7.16, 1.79)

0.238

Widespread pain yes, ref. no

9.46

(3.68, 15.2)

0.002

3.02

(−0.11 , 6.14)

0.058

6.69

(2.71 , 10.7)

0.001

Use of pain medicine 5–7 days pr. wk, ref. 0–4 days

6.34

(2.08, 10.6)

0.004

2.45

(0.19 , 4.72)

0.034

3.45

(0.52 , 6.39)

0.021

Tender points, pr. point, ref. 0

0.15

(−0.39, 0.69)

0.579

0.35

(0.08, 0.63)

0.012

−0.21

(−0.59, 0.15)

0.247

  1. β regression coefficient; CI confidence interval; ref reference. P-values less than 0.05 indicated by Italics
  2. Back + leg pain, back pain and leg pain intensity were dependent variables. All analyses adjusted for age and sex, except age and sex
  3. *Overall p by Wald’s test
  4. aThe highest adj. R2 for dichotomous variables was 0.20 (radiculopathy – leg pain) and for variables with discrete distributions 0.21 (disability – leg pain)