Fig. 4

Back pain and leg pain in relation to different types of disc herniations with and without radiculopathy. Overall, only associations with leg pain were statistically significant (Table 3), statistical significance by type indicated by ‘*’. Negative values should be interpreted as less pain as compared to the reference group (no disc herniation). A1, bulging; A2, broad protrusion; A3, focal protrusion; A4, extrusion; A5, sequester, ‘rad’ indicating + radiculopathy. A2_rad and A5_ omitted as these subgroups included 1 and 0 patients, respectively