Fig. 2
The height and length of the uniplanar open wedge is approximately 9.0Â mm and 64.3Â mm, respectively. a The ratio of the applied loads onto the two plateaus is controlled by the spring constants of the upper fixture. The symbols of the spring constants (k 1 and k 2 ) and the points a across the opening wedge are defined in the content. b The experimental setup of the MTS system, testing specimen, and fixtures