The effect of changing movement and posture using motion-sensor biofeedback, versus guidelines-based care, on the clinical outcomes of people with sub-acute or chronic low back pain-a multicentre, cluster-randomised, placebo-controlled, pilot trial

Table 1 Baseline characteristics

	Movement Biofeedback Groupn = 58	Guidelines-based Care Groupn = 54	p-value
Age (years, mean)	39 (SD 12)	48 (SD 12)	0.013
Gender (women, proportion)	30 (52 %)	31 (57 %)	0.729
Pain episode duration (weeks, median)*	52 (IQR 17, 52)	52 (IQR 16, 312)	0.184
Activity limitation (RMDQ-23) (0–100 scale, mean)	51.1 % (SD 38.1)	49.1 % (SD 30.1)	0.758
Activity limitation (PSFS) (0–100 scale, mean)	60.2 (SD 10.1)	57.9 (SD 34.8)	0.660
Pain intensity (QVAS) (0–100 scale, mean)	60.0 (SD 23.6)	61.0 (SD 6.6)	0.758
Fear of movement (FABQpa) (0–24 scale, mean)	13.8 (SD 6.8)	14.4 (SD 8.0)	0.674

RMDQ-23 = Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (23 item version) where low scores are better
PSFS = Patient Specific Functional Scale, converted to a 0–100 scale where low scores are better
QVAS = Average of four pain intensity VAS scales, where low scores are better
FABQpa = Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (physical activity subscale)
*Data presented are median (IQR) due to skew in data, group comparison undertaken using ordered logit regression clustered by site

ISSN: 1471-2474